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It may be that well find out after weve been able to look back at all these cases that the rates are higher, said Shankaran. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit ourcoronavirus news page. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 16, 2021. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Chilblains develop in response to repeated exposure to cold air. Paxlovid, the medication most often prescribed for COVID-19, may leave an unusual and unpleasant taste in a patient's mouth when they're on it. Pfizer. They can range from mild to severe. Dysgeusia refers to a distorted sense of taste; anosmia is smell blindness. Is exercise more effective than medication for depression and anxiety? Rather than being combined into one pill, the two drugs are packaged together as separate tablets that patients take at the same time twice a day for five days. Just checking, but are you also taking any vitamins/supplements? . It can take time for your sense of smell or taste to recover. Digestive symptoms sometimes develop before a fever and respiratory symptoms. Shankaran said that the dysgeusia caused by Paxlovid has nothing to do with the loss of the senses of taste and smell that was seen frequently with infection from the first COVID-19 variants that circulated in 2020 and 2021. A loss of smell or taste that begins days after vaccination is much more likely to be due to COVID-19 infection. When it happens, the metal taste occurs almost immediately after the shot. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one possible cause of having an ammonia taste in your mouth, sometimes called "ammonia breath.". Recently, some people have reported developing a metallic taste in their mouths after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Evaluation of chilblains as manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Here's what to know about what Paxlovid mouth is, how it happens, and why it shouldn't deter you from the treatment if it's recommended by a healthcare provider. Merc Sol - For Metallic Taste in Mouth; It is a leading medicine to manage cases presenting with metallic taste in the mouth. The experience is "like having nickels in your mouth," said John Howard, 45, of Columbia, South Carolina. "If you are losing your sense of smell, or you have other types of symptoms," it would be a good idea to seek a doctor's care, Rawson said. BMJ Open Ophthalmology. Some (like zinc which is commonly recommended for covid/parosmia) can cause a metallic taste as well. His work includes kitchen culture and mental health, queer food, and American dessert history. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. GoodRx provides no warranty for any information. The emergence of a new subvariant of Omicron, BA.2.7, nicknamed 'Centaurus,' is causing some worry. This article has Unlimited Access. Signs and symptoms (adult). On March 22, the American Academy of Otolaryngology reported, [a]necdotal evidence is rapidly accumulating from sites around the world that anosmia and dysgeusia are significant symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic., Dysgeusia, or distorted taste, is a condition in which a foul, salty, rancid, or metallic taste sensation persists in the mouth, according to the National Institute of Health. COVID-19 can damage olfactory receptors in the nose or the parts of the brain necessary for smelling. Some patients who have received a Covid jab have claimed they have been left with a metal taste after vaccination Credit: BackGrid. . [Dysgeusia is] not limited to [Paxlovid]. A bloody or metallic taste in your mouth during or after high-intensity or endurance workouts, such as running, generally isn't something to panic over, experts said. 2020; doi:10.1017/S0022215120001826. Six of those COVID-19 symptoms were added recently. I would like my coffee to taste normal.". National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Individuals can also change the chosen scents every week. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html. Antiviral substances fight against viruses and inhibit their growth. Unusual COVID-19 symptoms: What are they? Shankaran said that the lingering bad taste might be caused by ritonavir, which is also used to treat HIV infections. Some people recovering from COVID-19 report that foods taste rotten, metallic, or skunk-like, describing a condition called parosmia. Try adding flavor with herbs and sauces and spices. The . The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says about 32 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in the United States. Doctors know now that loss of taste and smell is a common side effect of COVID-19, but about 10% of people who recover those senses deal with another problem. Pfizer shares top-line results from phase 2/3 EPIC-PEP study of Paxlovid for post-exposure prophylactic use. The addition of impaired taste and smell to the list of coronavirus symptoms has prompted questions about the merit of other symptoms and specifically if an uncomfortable, metallic taste is a reliable indicator of the coronavirus. I would eat pasta. Just a handful reported metallic taste following vaccinations, she said. Shankaran said that these candies can increase saliva production, which may help control the bad taste. 65 percent of those people regain their taste and smell 18 months after infection. Read our, COVID Symptoms Unlikely to Relapse After Taking Paxlovid. That bad taste in the mouthtechnically called dysgeusiaisn't necessarily a common side effect of Paxlovid, but it does happen: In data from Pfizer's clinical trials of the drug reported in 2022, about 6% of participants in the Paxlovid group experienced the altered taste, compared to less than 1% of those in the placebo group. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Here's what you need to know. If you develop a strange taste or loss of taste days after the vaccine, that is more likely to be from COVID-19 infection, not a side effect of the vaccine. Full coverage of the coronavirus outbreak, "It's certainly not debilitating or anything like that," Howard, a contributor for NBC Sports, said. Chemical Exposure. Swelling or discoloration can develop on one or several toes or fingers. Carla M. Delgado is a health and culture writer based in the Philippines. Balance very sweet tastes with sharp or tart flavored foods and drinks such as orange, lemon, lime flavors. Pfizer announces additional phase 2/3 study results confirming robust efficacy of novel COVID-19 oral antiviral treatment candidate in reducing risk of hospitalization or death. Dysgeusia, or distorted taste, "is a condition in which a foul, salty, rancid, or metallic taste sensation persists in the mouth," according to the National Institute of Health. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Paxlovid is a combination of two drugsnirmatrelvir and ritonavirthat are co-packaged to be used together to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Alex Visser, a healthy 26-year-old who lives on the east side of Milwaukee, was diagnosed with COVID-19 in late November 2020. 2021;11(10):1497-1500. doi:10.1002/alr.22818, Villar PMAC, Chua RU, Robles RP. Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Those that developed it described it as tasting like nickels. After getting the COVID-19 vaccine, certain symptoms are common. You should be concerned, though, if you develop a loss of smell, loss of taste, other symptoms, or if the symptoms begin a day or two after your shot. And there is the issue of COVID rebound after Paxlovid treatment where the infection initially resolves and then reappears a week or so later, he detailed. People recovering from COVID-19 are also reporting that the smell of rotting meat seems to follow them everywhere. i actually saw this! A study examining the role of the oral cavity in SARS-CoV-2 infection has found evidence the virus infects cells in the mouth, which could explain why some patients with COVID-19 experience taste loss, dry mouth and blistering. The sensation came on within minutes of receiving his first dose of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccination this past week. He has also been a news editor for America Online and has contributed to the Associated Press and The Washington Post. It has a number of different immune benefits, and it also helps with sense of taste and smell, he explained. Dysgeusia can be caused by many different factors, including infection, some medications and vitamin deficiencies. A wide variety of medications can lead to a metallic taste in your mouth as a side effect. AbScent, a nonprofit dedicated to smell disorders, has had thousands of people write in about their Covid-19 experiences. Gastroenterology. According to Dr. Mehdizadeh, Paxlovid mouth should be a short-lived annoyance. Paxlovid, the medication most often prescribed for COVID-19, may leave an unusual and unpleasant taste in a patients mouth when theyre on it. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Paxlovid, the antiviral COVID-19 medication, is a life-saving treatment. Normal odors may even suddenly smell rotten, metallic, or skunk-like. I had a metallic taste in my mouth, well worth the benefit of the medication. How do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests? Cholankeril G, et al. COVID-19: Who's at higher risk of serious symptoms? NIH reports that more than 200,000 people visit a doctor for taste- and smell-related problems each year. Here is the latest advice, You can order another round of free at-home COVID tests. There are many medications which have adverse interactions with Paxlovid. By Linda Adey. In addition to the bad taste, Paxlovid also has other side effects, including diarrhea, elevated blood pressure, and muscle aches. Odors are created by chemicals or aromatic compounds that float through the air and stimulate chemical receptors in the nose, Andrew Schamess, MD, internal medicine physician at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, told Verywell. About 80 to 90 percent get these senses back within two years. 2020; doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000632. I had the same thing happen. Accessed Feb. 7, 2022. Justin Burke is a food writer, recipe developer, and award winning pastry chef and baker. My sister, Susan DeBenedette of Tucson, Arizona, found this out the hard way. According to Dr. David Cutler, family medicine physician at Providence Saint Johns Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, the real danger this side effect potentially poses to a persons overall health is that the frequency and degree of disturbance caused by dysgeusia results in many people stopping their Paxlovid treatment course prematurely, before the full five days of prescribed therapy. Instead, Shankaran suggests having foods or drinks that coat your mouth, like chocolate milk, chocolate pudding, or peanut butter. As one . My grandma has this after a year with covid. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey between April and June of nearly 300 infected individuals revealed that 35% had not returned to their usual state of health two to three weeks after getting testing. Vitamins. READ NEXT: What Are the Trump COVID-19 Stimulus Mailings? It is not known what the impact of stopping Paxlovid early might be, Dr. Cutler told MNT. Your . Losing the sense of taste and smell is commonly associated with COVID-19. Metallic Taste in Your Mouth Treatment and Prevention. ", While the CDC doesn't mention this specific symptom on their site, a statement released by the American Academy of Otolaryngology said, "There is rapidly accumulating anecdotal evidence that anosmia with resultant dysgeusia are frequently reported symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic." 1:39. How To Prepare for Possible COVID-19 Infection, How the COVID-19 Vaccines Were Made So Quickly, ShinglesHerpes ZosterInfection May Be Linked to the COVID-19 Vaccine. The medication is authorized for emergency use in people ages 12 or older who weigh at least 88 pounds, have tested positive for COVID-19, and are at high risk for severe illness. A bizarre new side effect has been reported by people who have received their COVID-19 vaccine. A medical professional works at a drive-thru coronavirus testing site at Cambridge Health Alliance Somerville Hospital on April 28, 2020 in Somerville, Massachusetts. Researchers have known for over 20 years that ritonavir causes a bitter or metallic taste. Mayo Clinic; 2020. The hands, wrists or ankles also can be affected. The bad taste is pretty bad, but the medications are definitely worth it because they have really good long-term effects, said Shankaran. Some people with the coronavirus experience strange symptoms that linger for months long after a negative test result deems them clear of infection. And like other coronaviruses, such as those that cause the common cold, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to cause a loss of smell and taste. Pregnancy. The lingering taste caused by Paxlovid has been described as metallic, bitter, or like grapefruit gone bad. One writer called it a disgusting, invisible monster that occupies your entire mouth for five straight days., The metallic taste varied in intensity during the day, Sue told Verywell. The bad taste that can accompany Paxlovid may be the result of two things at work. Experiencing a metallic taste after . Well talk about what the effect is like, why it happens after some medications and vaccines, and what you should watch for if it happens to you. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. These treatments include stopping any medications associated with a metallic taste, using artificial saliva if dry mouth is part of the problem, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding metal utensils. According to the medicines watchdog 143 Brits died shortly after having their Covid jab. And Paul Wartenberg, 50, of Mulberry, Florida, said he tasted metal for several hours after his Moderna injection. In addition to having EUA status in the United States, Paxlovid was approved for use in the United Kingdom in December 2021 and in Europe in January 2022. Smell training in prolonged COVID-19 post-infectious olfactory dysfunction: a case report. As smell receptors in the nose come back online, recovery of individual receptor types is uneven. But COVID-19 can cause symptoms you may not expect, including: Skin changes. Omega-3 fats are notoriously good for brain health and were recommended as a potential treatment for COVID-induced taste loss by the British Medical Journal in 2020. . Parosmia is a term used to describe . Mayo Clinic; 2021. This content does not have an Arabic version. 2020; doi:10.7326/M20-2428. People with significant kidney or liver dysfunction should not take Paxlovid. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. "But I do hope it goes away. COVID-19 can damage olfactory receptors in the nose or the parts of the brain necessary for smelling. This story was originally published October 29, 2020, 3:00 PM. Erika Edwards is a health and medical news writer and reporter for NBC News and "TODAY.". Some health bodies have recognised a metallic taste in the mouth as a side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine, though most evidence to date remains anecdotal. CNS Disorders. . Now, youll enjoy a streamlined experience created specifically for healthcare providers. While COVID-19 vaccine-related metallic taste is short-lived and likely does not need treatment, there are recommended treatments for a metallic taste due to other causes. Vitamin A nasal sprays helped . "This is a new medication and we don't know for sure, but it's not suspected that the taste should stay too long," he said. A new side effect from having a Covid jab has been reported - and it is somewhat bizarre. Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A 60-day objective and prospective study. In my situation, it was a magical experience!" 10 / 10 . Interestingly, parosmia can be a sign of a recovering sense of smell, Schamess said. Seasonal allergies can also contribute to impaired smell and taste. But some people have claimed that they have been left with a metal taste in their mouth after receiving their jabs. . How long does parosmia last? Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Fever treatment: Quick guide to treating a fever, Fight coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission at home. WHO Strongly Recommends Paxlovid for Patients at Risk of Severe COVID, You Can Now Get Paxlovid Without Seeing a Doctor, Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir) - Oral, A New Study Suggests Paxlovid Could Prevent Long COVID, Evusheld No Longer Authorized to Prevent COVID, FDA Revokes Authorization for the Only Remaining COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment, You No Longer Need a Positive COVID Test to Receive Paxlovid. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. YES! How Do Merck and Pfizers COVID Pills Compare? Among the peculiar and alarming symptoms reported by individuals, who experts call long-haulers, are early signs of Parkinsons disease, scaly skin rashes and unpleasant tastes in their mouths. For those experiencing a distorted sense of taste or smell, the Academy recommends they, alert physicians to the possibility of COVID-19 infection and warrant serious consideration for self-isolation and testing of these individuals. Exceptions apply to those with respiratory diseases like allergic rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis, or chronic rhinosinusitis. Dysgeusia is a condition where a person experiences a constant bad taste in their mouth. This bad metallic taste in the mouth from Paxlovid happens irrespective of what COVID may be doing. Paxlovid is a combination of two different antiviral medications: nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. By signing up, I agree to GoodRx's Terms and Privacy Policy, and to receive marketing messages from GoodRx. These include medication-induced changes in saliva production, presence of the drug in your saliva, changes in normal cell function, nerve damage, infection, and changes to your nervous system. GoodRx works to make its website accessible to all, including those with disabilities. But the agency does not list an unusual taste as a possible side effect of the vaccine. Alex Turner-Cohen Developing a metallic taste in your mouth after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is a very rare side effect. ive seen a big difference within the 4 weeks. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Doesn't work. Doctors are hesitant to make clear cause-and-effect relationships because there isnt enough evidence to know if COVID-19, the disease the coronavirus causes, triggers the symptoms. CDC guidelines do not include recommendations for those experiencing distorted taste but do note that [t]his list is not all inclusive. It is worth keeping in mind that it goes away soon after completing the 5-day Paxlovid course.. 3 causes of dysgeusia. Learn about the latest treatment. These taste receptors on our taste buds help detect whether food is salty, sweet . But one possible red flag we've been hearing a lot about lately is missing from the catalog: a strange metallic taste in the mouth. Justin has contributed to many publications including . A Pfizer representative told Health that most cases of Paxlovid mouth were "mild" and "nonserious," and only two participants ended the drug trial early because of it. Results from the Phase 2/3 clinical trial of Paxlovid reported that out of the 1,120 patients receiving the medication, almost 6% experienced dysgeusia as a side effect. It's possible, she said, that those odd tastes could be the result a SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred just before receiving the vaccination, or before the body has had enough time to build protective antibodies from the shots. This suggests that those infected with the coronavirus may experience disordered smell, which is linked to disordered taste. For more coverage, sign up for our daily coronavirus newsletter. A lost or altered sense of taste, dry mouth and sores are common among COVID-19 patients and those symptoms may last long after others disappear, Brazilian researchers report. Health.com uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. One potential side effect of Paxlovid is dysgeusia. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. COVID toes, rashes: How the coronavirus can affect your skin. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Across Florida, cases, deaths and hospitalizations are going down. "About 5.6% of people who took Paxlovid in a study reported dysgeusia, which is a change in the taste in your mouth," says Shivanjali Shankaran, MD, an infectious disease specialist at RUSH. If you have a metallic taste after starting a medication, talk to your doctor about stopping the medication, if possible. Hypogeusia [hy-po-GYOO-zee-a], in which your ability to taste is reduced. Pfizer's go-to antiviral drug treatment, Paxlovid, is leaving a bad taste in people's mouths. An unusual Covid-19 vaccine side effect is reported by some individuals experiencing a metallic taste in their mouths after receiving the Pfizer vaccine. According to Shankaran, few patients have stopped taking Paxlovid because of its tasteits the other side effects that have been more likely to make people discontinue the drug. There are around 10,000 taste buds in the human mouth, with each taste bud having up to 150 taste receptors. The taste is "like having nickels in your mouth," a South Carolina patient named John Howard told NBC News. It also provides patients with great pleasure. In addition to arm soreness and a little malaise, some people are reporting an unusual side effect following their COVID-19 vaccinations: an intense metallic taste that can last for days. Here's How COVID-19 Can Affect Your Mouth. COVID-19 might cause nausea, vomiting or diarrhea either alone or with other COVID-19 symptoms. Lechien JR, et al. Begin Exploring Women's Health Solutions at Mayo Clinic Store. If you experience Paxlovid mouth, dont stop taking the drug. Under the FDAs EUA, doctors can use Paxlovid to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults and children ages 12 and older who weigh at least 40 kilograms, or about 88 pounds. Is Paxlovid Still Effective Against New COVID Variants? Mayo Clinic; 2021. Mayo Clinic Minute: You're washing your hands all wrong. Dehydration. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html. The bad taste is normally metallic, bitter, salty, or rancid. TSA-Friendly Sex Toys To Take With You On Spring Break, A Rare Venus-Jupiter Conjunction Is Coming, Surprise! Loss of Taste, Smell in COVID-19 Might Last Up to 5 Months, Smell Training Could Help People Who Lost Their Sense of Smell From COVID-19, Overview and Causes of Olfactory Disorders. Pfizer begins their Covid vaccine trial in children under 12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's website, Chalk or cheese? How well do face masks protect against COVID-19? It can affect the receptors and nutrient levels as well, leading to these types of symptoms, he explained to MNT. Now, the incidence of dysgeusia might be increasing because the drug is being used widely. This side effect is very rare, however. Here are some of the most recent reports of long-hauler symptoms that are perplexing doctors around the world. That's especially true for Paxlovid mouth, which is "a small price to pay for possibly avoiding severe disease and bad outcomes," said Dr. Russo. Nothing made me feel better. Recently, people have reported experiencing an intense metallic taste in their mouth after getting the COVID vaccine. What Are the Trump COVID-19 Stimulus Mailings. She is the former managing editor of Drug Topics magazine. Why things taste and smell different after Covid. The metallic taste went away after a few days. For some of them, the metallic taste comes from how the drugs affect zinc absorption. I always have to brush my teeth and tongue constantly and even when I drink water I can feel all these chemicals in my mouth I hate it. Medications . This could be why the bad taste of Paxlovid lasts until the next dose. Something with a strong taste can help distract from the taste with the medication, she said. By the time the doses were completed, I was symptom free. But theres no telling if thats the case. If you develop a metallic taste that lasts longer, there may be another cause. If you feel the need to try to mask the taste, Dr. Mehdizadeh said saltwater gurgles or lozenges may be able to help. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes first oral antiviral for treatment of COVID-19. That tasteand the smell that can go along with itis caused by a build-up in your . "Many times, it's just the medication in the system stimulating the taste buds," he told Health. Olfactory retraining can be effective in helping jump-start the olfactory recovery, he added. Food preparation and eating can be an important part of parenting, socializing, and ethnic identity.. Theres no way of knowing when a persons sense of smell will return to normal, but smell training may help. Two specific cases of COVID toes discolored, swollen and rashy feet lasted longer than 130 days, according to the doctors findings presented at the 29th Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology meeting. What to know about antiviral drugs and products. "Typically, metal mouth resolves itself once the underlying cause has been treated, but a COVID-19 induced metallic taste in the mouth could stick around for weeks or even months after your . Dr. Johannes recommended using mints and gum to help distract from any unpleasant flavor. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The Atlantic. Download the NBC News app for full coverage of the coronavirus outbreak, While unsettling, the metallic taste is not considered to be dangerous, and should diminish with time, Creech said. Drinking a lot of water turned out to be a good thing for Sue both in dealing with the taste of Paxlovid and rehydrating from diarrheawhich is both a COVID symptom and a side effect of the medication. There is no way to say when it will go away, Manes said. If you're experiencing a metallic taste especially along with other symptoms of coronavirus the CDC recommends calling your medical provider to ask about next steps. The taste may last for the duration of Paxlovid treatmentfive daysand has been described as bitter or metallic. Their healthcare providers wrote them a prescription for Paxlovid. This content does not have an English version. Some molecules simply stick to our taste buds better than others, even when you try to wash them off by rinsing your mouth or brushing your teeth. The most common are fever, cough and tiredness. Tests revealed that all three patients, who had severe COVID-19 and required hospitalization, showed reduced activity in an area of their brains that produces the hormone dopamine a common sign of Parkinsons, according to a commentary published Oct. 21 in Trends in Neurosciences. Welders are at high risk of a condition called metal fume fever. Chemicals. The symptoms can last 10 to 14 days or for months. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. That was the . . In data collected after Paxlovid's EUA had been granted, some instances of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions were also reported. COVID toes appear to be more common in children and young adults. People with the condition feel that all foods taste sour, sweet, bitter or metallic. It tasted gross, like rotten beef or rotten pork.. To understand olfactory or smell disorders, its crucial to be aware of how the sense of smell works first. Trademarks, brands, logos, and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. While loss of taste or smell has been a known symptom of COVID-19, some parents are now saying that their children are losing those senses weeks or even months after recovering from the virus. Thats the same thing with taking antibiotics for bacterial infection. Affected patients can perceive some of the chemicals that comprise odors, but not others, leading to distorted odor perception. However, for people who lost their sense of smell in relation to COVID-19, parosmia may be a sign of gradual recovery. But people with upper respiratory infections, including the common cold, also often report being left with a metallic taste in their mouths, says Robert Korn, MD, emergency medicine physician in New York. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.