1. at >90 days since last infection. Community levels can help schools and local health departments, as well as individuals, make decisions based on their local context and their unique needs. Quarantine of close contacts if reinfection of case is suspected or confirmed. In Illinois,The Department of Public Health has supreme authority over declaring new or modifying existing quarantines. Support those who choose to continue to mask. ECE programs (e.g., center-based child care, family child care, Head Start, or other early An early release from quarantine letter has been added to SalesForce that can be provided at thediscretion of the local health departmentwith details on when a person can be released based on the date of last exposure. { hbbd```b``[A$GP",`"X?I50Y"$`f=,, f&/?J&k=GIL3
Return to Work Letters No Longer Required: With the shortened isolation and quarantine periods, . minimizing contact with persons at increased risk for severe illness, including vulnerable and congregate populations.
Family, friends or social networks, like church groups, may be able to help you with food, medications and other needs during this time. Positive test likely due to prolonged shedding of non-replicable viral RNA. Consultation with infectious disease MD/public health recommended to rule out alternative etiology. Parent Letter Letter to send to parents and families on either IDPH and ISBE letterhead or district letterhead to communicate about options for eligible children to receive the COVID-19 vaccine if your district does not host a vaccination event. IDPH advises that anyone who has traveled where COVID-19 transmission is high or increasing in the past 14 calendar days should stay home and monitor their health. Masking for those testing positive for COVID-19 when returning, for those with suspect or known exposure to a COVID-19 case, in health care settings, and for those that choose to wear a mask (universal masking is recommended by CDC when Community Levels are high). The vaccination guidance applies to COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration: Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson (J&J)/Janssen). This serves as general guidance and does not address every possible isolation or quarantine question or scenario. Click here to review the full details on these new options. It can take 2-14 days to show symptoms, so you may not know for up to 14 days if you are infected or not. hbbd```b``^"WbLb`y`0,.fkHv90)
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Home [dph.illinois.gov] Testing and medical evaluation recommended. What Expect When Getting Vaccinated Guidance, Long-term care Frequently Asked Questions, Guidance for Pre-K-12 Schools and Day Care Programs for Addressing COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Long Term Care COVID-19 Facility Level Data, Governor Pritzker's Executive Orders and Rules, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Children, Guidance on the Use of Masks by the General Public, Private Laboratory COVID-19 Testing Options for Illinois Long-term Care Facilities, Long-Term Care COVID-19 Testing Requirements, Modifications for Other Long-Term Care Facilities and Programs, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Grant Accountability and Transparency (GATA). 1Possible reinfection is defined as an individual has detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA 90 days since first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Illinois Department of Public Health Home Page Identified as a close contact to a COVID-19 case. Close Contacts of the Traveler: Quarantine depends on determination of case status of the traveler. Self-quarantine for at least 14 days regardless of test results AND 2. This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as needed here and on the CDC website at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Domestic or International traveler is fully vaccinated. COVID Isolation and Precautions - CUPHD Clickhereto review the full details on these new options. CDC Healthcare Worker Return to Work Guidance (IDPH recommends using the non-test strategy discussed in this document) CDC's What to do if You Are Sick (IDPH recommends the non-test based strategy discussed in this document) Letter template for LTC resident diagnosed with COVID-19 Letter template for LTC staff diagnosed with COVID-19 2022-01-07 LAWRENCEVILLE The Illinois Department of Public Health has released the most up to date information regarding contact tracing, work release letters, isolation and quarantine as the amount of local residents who are COVID-19 positive continues to increase across Lawrence County. (TBP) or quarantine can still receive visitors. Health care personnel and other specific groups and setting should continue to follow their respective guidance. Persons who are immunocompromised should be encouraged to wear a mask or respirator that provides greater protection. Since you are a close contact of a case, please follow these steps to help prevent COVID-19 from spreading in your home or in your community. IDPH releases new information regarding positive COVID-19 patients 521 0 obj
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A list of known testing sites in Illinois is available athttp://dph.illinois.gov/testing. Alert Message: Anyone, 6 months of age and older, is eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Call 312-777-1999 or click: https://dph.illinois.gov/covid19/community-guidance/confirmed-or-possible-covid-19.html, Our response to the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve as does the virus, said IDPH Director Dr. Ngozi Ezike. PDF LICENSED DAY CARE GUIDANCE LICENSE EXEMPT SCHOOL-AGE GUIDANCE - Illinois Symptoms of COVID-19 include: fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, new loss of smell or taste, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea, vomitting and diarrhea. Quarantine of close contacts if reinfection of case is suspected or confirmed. If you do not have these resources, contact your local health department for assistance. As we previously reported, the IDPH released Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for schools in August to supplement but not replace ISBEs Part 3 Joint Transition Guidance. Stay in a specific room and away from other people in your home as much as possible. 0
To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog: Your first step to building a free, personalized, morning email brief covering pertinent authors and topics on JD Supra: [HOT] Read Latest COVID-19 Guidance, All Aspects [SCHEDULE] Upcoming COVID-19 Webinars & Online Programs, [GUIDANCE] COVID-19 and Force Majeure Considerations, [GUIDANCE] COVID-19 and Employer Liability Issues. If Nicki was in close contact with Dana, however, Nicki does not need to quarantine unless Dana tests positive or Nicki becomes symptomatic. hb```_l@(pW
Hj. The local health department will make the final determination on isolation and /or quarantine requirements. COVID-19 FY21 ARCHIVE / IDPH, CCDPH and CDC Guidelines for Schools var today = new Date(); var yyyy = today.getFullYear();document.write(yyyy + " "); | Attorney Advertising, Copyright var today = new Date(); var yyyy = today.getFullYear();document.write(yyyy + " "); JD Supra, LLC. Contacts of a person who is a close contact to a COVID-19 case do not need to quarantine. Clickhereto review the full details on these new options. Medical evaluation and testing recommended. IDPH Updates FAQ and Exclusion Guidance for COVID-19 Cases in Schools Ensure access to diagnostic testing for close contacts and those exposed, and screening testing during outbreaks. szCyq@%J -`L1]L23adku{=FlJG|N3-p-c."
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The Will County Health Department and Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), following the Food and Drug Administration's decision to open COVID-19 booster shots to all, is recommending anyone 18 years and older get a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose six months after receiving their second Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, or two months Close contacts who develop symptoms should isolate away from others and seek medical evaluation and testing for COVID-19. Work releases are no longer offered by the Lawrence County Health Department. Release letters will not be generated unless individuals participate in the assessments. }/^obW._>?= Bn/^^=ywg6*~]|5Xvl6G+Dq/>s>i/z'k/._Oo. Recommendation:Steer clear of Tom and continue working closely with your local health department to assist with identifying close contacts of positive cases. Update: "Release from Isolation/Quarantine" letter from the local health departments is not required to return to school - other forms of communication including phone, email, and fax are. Please use the zip code searchable schedule at www.biometricimpressions.com or call 630-532-5922 for locations/hours. PDF Department of Health & Human Services Rather than focusing on eliminating all virus transmission, the CDC recommends prevention measures, such as masks, when the level of severe disease in communities has the potential to overwhelm the health care system. People who are up to date with COVID-19 vaccines are at low risk of severe infection, hospitalization, and death. We are seeing a higher number of new infections each day than we have seen at any time throughout the entire pandemic. Since it can take 2-14 days to show symptoms, your last day of quarantine is 14 days from when you were last in contact with the person with COVID-19. This guidance is current as of 7/20/2020 and is subject to change as more information becomes available. Cases, or people with COVID-19, can be contagious 48 hours before they have symptoms, when they have symptoms, or even if they are not Must be able to social distance and mask for full 14 days. Schools must continue to provide remote learning to any student who is under isolation for COVID-19 based on the State Superintendents Remote Learning Declaration. Home Quarantine Guidance - Illinois Do not use public transportation, ride shares or taxis. Coronavirus or COVID-19 - Healthy Kids - Illinois Coronavirus - Illinois State Board of Education Also, clean and disinfect any surfaces that may have body fluids on them. IDPH Provides Updated Isolation and Quarantine Guidance %%EOF
What Expect When Getting Vaccinated Guidance, Long-term care Frequently Asked Questions, Guidance for Pre-K-12 Schools and Day Care Programs for Addressing COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Long Term Care COVID-19 Facility Level Data, Governor Pritzker's Executive Orders and Rules, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Children, Guidance on the Use of Masks by the General Public, Private Laboratory COVID-19 Testing Options for Illinois Long-term Care Facilities, Long-Term Care COVID-19 Testing Requirements, Modifications for Other Long-Term Care Facilities and Programs, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Grant Accountability and Transparency (GATA). For contact tracing purposes, IDPH has modified SalesForce to accommodate these changes. PDF JB Pritzker, Governor Ngozi O. Ezike, MD, Director - SportsEngine As of Jan. 13, all cases will be handled through the IDPH Surge Center. COVID-19 News Update 12-3-2021 - Will County Health IDPH will monitor if these indicators show an increase in the COVID-19 disease burden with a simultaneous decrease in hospital capacity. Find your nearest vaccination location at. This population will receive an additional text message if the individual does not respond to the initial message. Businesses need to be prepared for a possible delay or stoppage of release from isolation or quarantine letters, meaning an employee may not have a letter available to present to prove that isolation/quarantine is over. 184 0 obj
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WARNING: Site will be down from 8-12PM CT. INFORMATION: Il.gov is a great site to visit. If COVID-19 illness develops, use the ten-day isolation period3 guidance for a COVID-19 case from the onset date. Try to stay at least 6 feet away from others. PDF Updated Public Health Guidance 3.8 - Illinois State Board of Education While most confirmed cases will be traced through the State Contact Tracing Surge Center, local health departments will continue to respond to cases in high-risk settings, including congregate facilities. Close contacts of the case should be in quarantine as described below. Individuals can visit www.vaccines.gov to find a nearby location to receive a vaccine or booster dose. The following is an overview of this weeks updates and recommendations for school leaders based on the new guidance. The initial outgoing text will read: IDPH COVID: There is important info for you. See. An "early release from quarantine" letter has been added to SalesForce that can be provided at the discretion of the local health department with details on when a person can be released based on the date of last exposure. "@context": "http://schema.org", (This definition hasadditional clarification for healthcare workers; contact your employer if you are a healthcare worker who may have been exposed at work.) All residents that test positive or have experienced a recent exposure are asked to act responsibly and follow the Centers for Disease Controls recommendations to protect yourself, your family, frontline healthcare workers and the community. Alert Message: Anyone, 6 months of age and older, is eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Schools should balance risk of COVID-19 with educational, social, and mental health outcomes when deciding which prevention strategies to put in place. IDPH, ISBE Release Revised Guidelines For In-Person Learning "url": ", Illinois Department of Public Health Adopts CDC Recommendations for Isolation and Quarantine, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, https://dph.illinois.gov/covid19/testing.html, Grant Accountability and Transparency (GATA). Ensure access to diagnostic testing for symptomatic persons and those exposed, and screening testing during outbreaks. Isolation and TBP: 20 days for discontinuation, must be fever free (without fever-reducing medication) and symptoms improving for at least 24 hours. Quarantine as described for COVID-19 close contacts. correct and consistent mask use (including within homes), monitoring for symptoms of COVID-19 illness, and.
The CDC currently recommends a quarantine period of 14 days. In an effort to reduce the burden on the local health departments across the state, the State will notify cases via text about interviewing with a contact tracer, as well as providing a link to guidance on quarantine, possible treatments, and close contact notification. Find your nearest vaccination location at. On December 2, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released new options for public health authorities to consider for establishing quarantine time frames for contacts of persons with SARS-CoV-2. IDPH Updates FAQ for Schools - Franczek P.C. The agencies also recommend contract tracing and isolation of those with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, and quarantine for those who have had close contact with the infected individual. These quarantine instructions are for people who live in the same household or have had close contact with someone with Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19. An "early release from quarantine" letter has been added to SalesForce that can be provided at the discretion of the local health department with details on when a person can be released based on the date of last exposure. Schools should continue to manage ill persons per the. Consideration for High-Risk Activities, including screening testing as described above, or consider temporarily stopping these activities to control an outbreak. The link also provides quarantine and isolation information. However, the following options to shorten quarantine are acceptable alternatives: Due to the risk of severe illness and congregate transmission, IDPH recommends the full 14-day quarantine period rather than the shortened options described above in congregate living settings with vulnerable populations, such as skilled care and correctional facilities. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your local healthcare provider. Universal masking indoors in public, regardless of vaccination status, should be promoted. The following is an overview of the updates and recommendations for school leaders based on the new guidance. Quarantine/Isolation Guidance: CDC streamlines COVID-19 guidance on 8-12-22 and advises individuals to still follow state guidance. The following topics were addressed in the updated FAQ on September 9, 2020: IDPH also updated its Exclusion Guidance on September 10, 2020. Letter to IDPH and ISBE Dr. Tom Lind JAN 03, 2022 Dear Dr. Ayala & Dr. Ezike, We are writing seeking an explanation for the ISBE and the IDPH's latest decision to adopt the CDC's newest recommendations for isolation and quarantine for the "general public" but carving public schools out as not being included in the "general public . Law Firms: Be Strategic In Your COVID-19 Guidance [GUIDANCE] On COVID-19 and Business Continuity Plans. 1f@mv?S(dVs!^oNLEel`A+++'bHgY,l,.>YL|og2abw;Y]Y%A{dJY(q=g~{iRu
crVT9\J\==? Home Quarantine Guidance for Close Contacts to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases These quarantine instructions are for people who live in the same household or have had close contact with someone with Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19. When communities are at a high level, the CDC recommends universal indoor masking as masks are critical to keeping classrooms open for in-person learning. Recommendation: We recommend reviewing and potentially modifying your self-certification forms to address this change. Identified as a COVID-19 case and has severe illness or immunocompromising condition. Schools, with help from local health departments, should consider local context when selecting strategies to prioritize for implementation. When calling, patients will be asked to opt in for an interview. Businesses may want to re-evaluate their protocols in . SPRINGFIELD -As we head into 2022, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) is working to centralize COVID-19 contact tracing efforts in order to get information about isolation and identifying close contacts to infected individuals as soon as possible during times when cases are surging, and to decrease the burden on local health Monitoring can be conducted using any method acceptable by the local public health authorities and could include self-monitoring using an approved checklist of signs and symptoms, direct contact daily by the public health department, or automated communications via SalesForce. School Guidance - Illinois Wash your hands often and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. On February 25, 2022, the CDC released a new framework to monitor the level of COVID-19 in communities that includes hospitalizations, hospital capacity, and cases. Form is approved by the building RN OR Option 2 The family provides a release letter from the County Health Department to the building RN 1. IDPH releases new information regarding positive COVID patients Post-Vaccination Considerations for School Employees, Decision Tree for Symptomatic Individuals in Pre-K, K-12 Schools and DayCare Programs, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Operational Guidance for K-12 Schools and Early Care and Education Programs to Support Safe In-Person Learning, COVID-19 Interim Guidance For Schools Decision Tree for Evaluating Symptomatic Individuals from Pre-K-12 Schools, factors that indicate higher transmission risk, Grant Accountability and Transparency (GATA). Quarantine Guidance - Illinois Text TALK to 552020 or HABLAR for service in Spanish to the same number 552020. For release after 10 days, must be fever-free (without fever-reducing meds) and have improvement in symptoms for at least 24 hours. For contact tracing purposes, IDPH has modified SalesForce to accommodate these changes. This page is intended for administrators and staff from schools and daycares in suburban Cook County. As of Dec. 28, the IDPH began sending an auto message to all positive cases. IDPH Updates FAQ and Exclusion Guidance for COVID-19 Cases in Schools If you do seek testing, a negative test result within the 14-day period does not mean that you cannot become positive later. International traveler is fully vaccinated. Masks continue to be federally required in health care settings and for health care personnel, including school nurse offices. IDPH will be updating specific guidance documents in the coming days. Public Health will not notify or release any personal information about you to your workplace unless it is necessary to do so to protect your health or the health of others. Thank you for your cooperation in this important public health matter. Individuals released from quarantine with a negative lab result are responsible for obtaining the negative RT-PCR result for requireddocumentation. . http://www.dph.illinois.gov/contact-us/idph-regional-health-departments. Fully vaccinated people should continue to followguidanceto protect themselves and others, including wearing a well-fittedmask,physical distancing(at least 6 feet), avoiding crowds, avoiding poorly ventilated spaces, covering coughs and sneezes,washing handsoften, and following any applicable workplace or school guidance. The CDC also recommended reducing quarantine from 10 days to 5 days for those who are close contacts to a COVID-19 case and have no symptoms, but individuals should You can use this form to request a release from quarantine 515-281-7689 www.idph.state.ia.us Department of Public Health Promoting and protecting the health of Iowans. Identified as a possible COVID-19 reinfection. SPRINGFIELD As we head into 2022, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) is working to centralize COVID-19 contact tracing efforts in order to get information about isolation and identifying close contacts to infected individuals as soon as possible during times when cases are surging, and to decrease the burden on local health departments across the state. IDPH is adopting CDC guidance on shortening isolation and quarantine periods for COVID-19 for the general public starting on December 30, 2021. Ensure access to diagnostic testing for close contacts and those exposed, and screening during outbreaks and for high-risk activities or before/after large events, Promote staying up to date with all routine vaccinations, Implement policies that encourage students and staff to stay home when sick, Reinforce proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, Utilize proper cleaning and disinfection procedures. A county board of health should be created with responsibility for control of contagious diseases, including the use of quarantine for areas within the county not incorporated. endstream
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Find your nearest vaccination location at. IDPH adopts CDC changes for isolation, quarantine There have been scams associated with COVID-19 and contact tracing so I want people to know that IDPH COVID will be issuing text messages to newly identified cases.. Call your medical provider about testing. Sample letters are available from your local health department to send to parents with recommended testing cadence. COVID19 - Associated Fire Fighters of Illinois - AFFI-IAFF Not only does it provide individual-level protection, but high vaccination coverage reduces the burden of COVID-19 on people, schools, health care systems, and communities. Additional information is available at the following web sites: An Illinois Novel Coronavirus Hotline and email address has been set upto answer questions fromLocal Health Departments, clinicians, and the general public regarding the 2019 novel Coronavirus. Summary of CDC's Operational Guidance for K-12 Schools and Early Care and Education Programs to Support Safe In-Person Learning6 updated on August 11, 2022. a. More information is available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/reinfection.html2Fully vaccinated refers to a person who is 2 weeks following receipt of the second dose in a 2-dose series, or 2 weeks following receipt of 1 dose of a single-dose vaccine. The CDC currently recommends a quarantine period of 14 days. In a release, IDPH said the CDC also recommended reducing quarantine from 10 days to 5 days for those who are in close contact to a COVID-19 case and have no symptoms, but individuals should . Follow label instructions for household cleaning and disinfectant sprays or wipes used to ensure effectiveness. We summarize below the key updates and provide recommendations from our Franczek team for each issue: Update: Symptoms require exclusion only when they are new and not attributed to allergies or a pre-existing condition. Additionally, exclusion for symptoms of abdominal pain or fatigue is only required when the symptom is from an unknown cause. If you are unable to avoid close contact, you should stay in quarantine until day 14 from when the person with COVID-19 became eligible to be cleared from their own isolation. Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue. COVID-19 symptoms include cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fever, chills, repeated shaking with chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat or loss of taste or smell. "@type": "NewsArticle", correct and consistent mask use (including within homes), monitoring for symptoms of COVID-19 illness, and. Your healthcare provider may send you to a specific testing site. Friday, January 27 IDPH Reports 28 Illinois Counties at an Elevated Community Level for COVID-19 Friday, January 20 IDPH Reports 59 Illinois Counties at an Elevated Community Level for COVID-19 Friday, January 13 IDPH and DPI launch an online COVID-19 tracker Tuesday, January 10 View More News IDPH Opioid Data Dashboard Vital Records hb```b``b`e`cb@ !f(!SG;00l h{oW The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) updated its COVID-19 FAQ and Exclusion Guidance last week. Recommendation: We recommend contacting your local health department to confirm the process they intend to implement. If you are 65 years and older, pregnant, or have a health condition such as heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, kidney disease, or a weakened immune system, you are at higher risk of more serious illness or complications. Must be asymptomatic and continue to monitor for COVID-19 symptoms for 14 days after last exposure. Domestic or international traveler is unvaccinated or is partially vaccinated. The IDPH Surge Center will filter all calls. { Responding to outbreaks by increasing prevention strategy (e.g., masking, screening, testing, or decreasing events where crowding exists) to reduce transmission even when Community Levels are low. Person more than 90 days past COVID-19 infection who is exposed to an active COVID-19 case. The IDPH has also updated its COVID-19 Interim Exclusion Guidance and Decision Tree for Symptomatic Individuals in Pre-K, K-12 Schools and Day Care Programs. If a person develops symptoms, they should immediately quarantine until a negative test confirms symptoms are not caused by COVID-19. Releasing COVID-19 Cases from Isolation and Quarantine, What Expect When Getting Vaccinated Guidance, Long-term care Frequently Asked Questions, Guidance for Pre-K-12 Schools and Day Care Programs for Addressing COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Long Term Care COVID-19 Facility Level Data, Governor Pritzker's Executive Orders and Rules, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Children, Guidance on the Use of Masks by the General Public, Private Laboratory COVID-19 Testing Options for Illinois Long-term Care Facilities, Long-Term Care COVID-19 Testing Requirements, Modifications for Other Long-Term Care Facilities and Programs, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html#Annex, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html#Testing,-Isolation,-and-Quarantine-for-Persons-Who-Have-Recovered-from-Previous-SARS-CoV-2-Infection, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-after-vaccination.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/reinfection.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/scientific-brief-options-to-reduce-quarantine.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fmore%2Fscientific-brief-options-to-reduce-quarantine.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fcommunity%2Fstrategy-discontinue-isolation.html#Annex, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/testing-international-air-travelers.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/, National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Grant Accountability and Transparency (GATA).