and 0000006759 00000 n
Dressed in a pale cinnamon wash, this plump North American bird is known for its football-shaped body, and a long, thin curved bill. Grassland Ecosystems of China: A Synthesis and Resume | SpringerLink 0000013880 00000 n
Xilingol Grassland consists of sand dunes, wetlands, more than 1,200 plant species and many species of animals. But theres hope that existing ecotourism projects will inspire efforts elsewhere in the new park system, experts say. Marc Brody, who has worked in China since 1994, agrees that well-designed ecotourism, such as in Angsai and in Wolong Nature Reserve, home to the Wolong Panda Center, can boost local ecosystems. 1. Every reply will be within 24 hours. Most are located on the plateaus, where the air is clean and fresh. Remote sensing technology revealed these parks were aggressively expanding roads, power lines, and public buildings that damaged sensitive ecological areas. The Indian, or Bengal, tiger ( P. tigris tigris) is the most numerous and accounts for about half of the total tiger population. The sustainability of grassland ecosystems in the region has been seriously challenged in recent years. Knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and attentive your personal local guides will China is mountainous with many distinct ranges, each with their own mix of habitats. Water is also a reason why the wildebeest migrates during dry seasons to other grasslands where water it is readily available. China's list of protected animals to be updated after 32 years To offset habitat fragmentation created by roads and other development, many pilot parks, such as Shennongjia and Giant Panda, have been creating wildlife corridors to allow animals like giant pandas to move freely through their habitat. The assessment, or in some cases re-assessment, of range boundaries between collectives and the consequent allocation of rangeland user rights to collectives and households. These animals range from the Siberian tiger on the Russian border to the worlds last 30 Hainan black crested gibbons in southern Chinas tropical rainforest. Experience local culture by practicing it. 0000011102 00000 n
Experience local culture by practicing it. With only a few exceptions, the Grazing Ban has been unfavorably evaluated by a variety of studies. Animals That Live in the Grasslands - WorldAtlas Ultimately, Niu, of the Paulson Institute, hopes the focus on national parks will deepen Chinas growing connection between people and nature, particularly among youth. 0000024740 00000 n
Thanks to the conservation efforts, the species has made a comeback from near extinction in the 19th century. Overview The vast grasslands of China cover approximately 400 million hectares and support the livelihoods of 16 million herders and their low-income pastoral households. China Travel Restrictions 2023 & Travel Advisory. 0000012681 00000 n
People can only see them mainly in the natural preservation areas. It's the place where Genghis Khan was born and is also a famous tourist area. Paying a visit to a nomad's yurt, you can listen to their grassland stories (contact us for a guide who can translate for you). It reaches almost one-fifth of the way around the Earth. Hulunbuir Grassland was spoken highly of in an ancient Chinese poem as a place where "the sky is blue and the grass is boundless; when the grass bows in the wind, the horses and sheep will appear". But considering the importance of livestock to local communities, herders and government reached a delicate truce. A bonfire party is another way that the local Mongols show their hospitality to guests. The great bustard became extinct in Great Britain . China Wildlife, Top 8 Endangered Animals In China - China Travel China has 7.4% of the world's large animals but accounts for only 0.9% of world beef production (Huang, 1989). "Title: Subtitle of Part of Web Page, if appropriate." The largest, Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai Province, is about the size of Mississippi. "Sangke" is a kind of flower that extends far off into the horizon like a huge beautiful carpet on the grassland. Since the 1960s, distribution ranges of the snow leopard, gray wolf, and dholea type of wild dogin giant panda nature reserves have decreased by over 75 percent, the research found. ( Read more about the new panda. 0000004839 00000 n
Research concerning China's grassland ecosystems can be chronologically summarized into four periods: (i) pre-1950s, preliminary research and survey of grassland vegetation and plant species by Russians, Japanese and Western Europeans, (ii) 1950-1975, exploration and survey of vegetation, soils and . Bullet trains are not available in Hulunbuir. Always held in the mountains or hills in the May to August period, stones are heaped into a solid conical tower with a long rod inserted into the top and colorful livestock wool and scripture clothstied onto the head of the rod. 0000039408 00000 n
Overgrazing has extensively degraded Chinese grasslands. Its part of a sprawling new national park system of 10 pilot parks, spread across 12 provinces, whose goal is to protect habitats of endangered species. stories, insider information, and even create unexpected highlights! 0000039706 00000 n
0000011532 00000 n
The climate changes cannot affect the animal due to its ability to adapt to cold weather and hot weather. They are well adapted to harsh winters of China. 1. So [by] having more opportunities for Chinese people to visit these parks, I think the general awareness of the Chinese people on conservation issues will be enhanced and support for conservation will be stronger., Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The grasslands are part of the Eurasian grasslands, one of the world's largest land-based ecosystems, extending from eastern China and eastern Europe. 50 kg reference weight animal), stocking rates and months grazing in warm and cold . We're a passionate team of one hundred avid travelers who love to share our Pasture Household Contract Responsibility System, National Development and Reform Commission, "Xianyou zhengce daduo pingjia fumian, caoyuan guanli buneng 'yi dao qie' [Existing policies mostly receive a negative evaluation, grassland management cannot be 'one size fits all']", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grasslands_of_China&oldid=1067115851, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 January 2022, at 20:28. 0000028091 00000 n
In the past, badgers were hunted for their meat and hide, but due to conservation efforts they are no longer hunted today. 0000010207 00000 n
The Return of Rorquals in the Bohol Sea, Philippines. Tours, Family The Wilson Centers Turner, for instance, fears that 2020s economic blows will make Chinas biodiversity and conservation goals more difficult. Have unparalleled The new system aims to benefit wildlife and people alike, but balancing conservation with the development of a tourism industry can be tricky. Often, local officials turn a blind eye to the activity, as long as it is done in moderation, Li says. Many ethnic performances can be seen on the grassland during different seasons. In 1992 the first pratacultural college in China was established. 0000005341 00000 n
A Tibetan home sits at the base of the mountains in Sanjiangyuan National Park, where thousands of locals have been hired as park rangers. The distribution of animals that were formerly owned by the collective to individual households. 0000010303 00000 n
China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. [4] Some have also posited that Chinese statistics over grassland degradation are politicized and need reinterpretation in the light of larger ethnic, geo-political and strategic interests. In addition, summer is the best season to go horseback riding, to view wrestling matches on the grassland and to have and enjoy a close experience with the Mongolian minority culture. Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China, the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration, thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services. A winter visit is best from November to mid-February to attend the Winter Nadaam or go skiing. From east to west, Mongolia's grasslands span 80 percent of the country and generate livelihoods for 200,000 families of nomadic herders. Tours, Yangtze In August, infrared cameras captured a panda inside one of these corridors in Giant Panda National Park, the first such sighting since their construction began in 2002, according to the Chinese news agency Xinhua. and the great bustard is no exception. The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response - Springer The style of citing shown here is from the MLA Style Citations (Modern Language Association). Animals of China Coloring Pages:Bustard (Great)Camel (Bactrian)Elephant (Asian)Hare (Arctic)Leopard (Clouded)Leopard (Snow)Owl (Great Grey)Panda (Giant)Saiga AntelopeSun BearTakinTigerWolverineYak, Animals of China Labeling Pages:Bustard (Great)Camel (Bactrian)Elephant (Asian)Hare (Arctic)Leopard (Clouded)Leopard (Snow)Owl (Great Grey)Panda (Giant)Saiga AntelopeTigerWolverineYak. Enjoy your personal local guide and ride. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Its produce, like meat, milk, leather, wool, and other animal products, are favored by people both domestically and in other countries. Predators do have a hard time trying to hunt the Prairie dog down thanks to the superior anti-predator techniques it has. To that end, the Giant Panda National Park combines 77 protected areas to set aside 70 percent of the giant pandas total habitat. A part of Yili Grassland and located in Xinjiang province, Narat Grassland's 180 kilometers stretch along the riverbed, with the Tianshan mountains surrounding on three sides. More details can be found in our privacy policy. Located about 12 kilometers to the west of Ordos prefecture and about 70 kilometers to the east of Shizhenyuan Tourism Zone, Ordos Grassland combines beautiful natural scenery with a fascinating local ethnic culture. Here are our top 10 wildlife species that rely on grasslands: 1. 0000035068 00000 n
Inside, a miniature nature museum and library show off the regions natural heritageparticularly its star attraction, the giant panda. Branches are inserted into the ground beside it with offerings of a whole sheep, koumis (fermented equine milk), butter, and cheese, which everyone enjoys afterwards. 0000035045 00000 n
China's Top Remarkable and Outstanding Grasslands and Pastures 0000028114 00000 n
That often involves compromise. You can ride on camels and horses, watch wrestling and horse racing, eat a 'lamb feast' with a "grassland flavor", and enjoy an ethnic bonfire party in the evening the unique lifestyle of Mongol nomads can be fully appreciated. highlights! Located in the northeast corner of China, Hulunbuir has a temperate continental climate and very low temperatures in winter. At the end, there is a larger version of the map below and a map of China's Provinces to help with understanding the habitat descriptions. Wrestling is one of the grandest athletic activities for Mongolian people, which 700 years ago become an event in the Nadaam Festival. [9] Longworth and Williamson for instance noted that the policy does not exist at the village and household level. China | CITES However, they should be approached with caution since when provoked, they can be deadly. Hulunbuir's grasses normally turn yellow in early September, but it is a good time to appreciate red and yellow leaves in the eastern forest area of the prairie. 0000012159 00000 n
Explore destinations at your own pace. Additional significant descriptive information. Jennifer Turner, director of the China Environment Forum at the Wilson Center, a think tank based in Washington, D.C., adds there are not even immediate plans to have national park rangers. Some local governments are hiring rangers, but there is no formal structure and training across the different pilot projects, she notes. You can contact us for a customized tour of any of the grasslands to have fun and explore these natural gifts. However, the badger belongs to the Taxon Mephiditae family. The lifespan of gophers is five years and they can survive despite the threats from known predators like snakes. Using the Biome-Biogeochemical Cycle (Biome-BGC) grazing model in combination with field data, we assessed the HANPP and explored its spatiotemporal patterns in the Xinjiang grasslands. Nearby, a spotless concrete walkway leads to a new community center in the heart of Chinas new Giant Panda National Park. 0000006286 00000 n
. "China - Habitats, Animals and Activities" Exploring Nature Educational Resource 2005-2023. In 2018, the Chinese Academy of Sciences released a report that some of the pilot parks were using their funding to enhance tourism infrastructure to the detriment of the environment. Herding is the practice of caring for roaming groups of livestock over a large area. Summer Nadaam is around late July and Winter Nadaam is in late December. 0000004456 00000 n
Located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia, Hulunbuir Grassland is one of the top famous grasslands in the world with natural grassland coverage of about 80%. 0000008493 00000 n
0000005220 00000 n
1998-2023 China Highlights Discovery Your Way! She notes that local governments are funding many of the pilot parks, instead of the national park service, which would have more resources. Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. Chinese Grassland (New Pleistocene) - Speculative Evolution Wiki China Highlights has listed the six most spectacular grasslands and pastures in China here for you. All rights reserved. Traditionally, grasslands have been the major sources of animal products such as meat, milk, wool and pelts, and are home to the majority of the ethnic . 0000006870 00000 n
While the pandemic may hinder investment more broadly in conservation, the establishment of national parks is a top priority for the Chinese government, Niu says. 4. Determining the exact classification of the badger is not easy due to the existence of several species of badgers. Several states in the US and Canada have put in place measures to limit the hunting of Pronghorns to prevent the species from extinction. About 75 percent of visitors who stay at least three days see the feline, according to Terry Townshend, a consultant with Shan Shui Conservation Center, one of Chinas largest conservation nonprofits, and an advisor for the Paulson Institute. Grasslands cover 25 percent of the worlds surface and it is the preferred habitat for animals like the wildebeest, coyote, and pronghorn. Forest grows better on the grassland as the soil is very fertile. It is famous for its two large lakes -- Hulun Lake and Buir Lake of Inner Mongolia. oBa;SVnau{st"4nRXpu.0xx>es107,3b| C`
endstream
endobj
493 0 obj
629
endobj
383 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/Parent 375 0 R
/Resources 447 0 R
/Contents [ 463 0 R 465 0 R 467 0 R 469 0 R 471 0 R 473 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R ]
/Annots [ 407 0 R 408 0 R ]
/B [ 409 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R 418 0 R
]
/MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ]
/CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ]
/Rotate 0
>>
endobj
384 0 obj
<<
/Count 22
/First 385 0 R
/Last 385 0 R
>>
endobj
385 0 obj
<<
/Title (Grassland ecosystems in China: review of current knowledge and research \
advancement)
/Dest (head1)
/Parent 384 0 R
/First 386 0 R
/Last 387 0 R
/Count 21
>>
endobj
386 0 obj
<<
/Title (Introduction)
/Dest (head2)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Next 406 0 R
>>
endobj
387 0 obj
<<
/Title (References)
/Dest (head22)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 388 0 R
>>
endobj
388 0 obj
<<
/Title (Future research outlooks)
/Dest (head21)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 389 0 R
/Next 387 0 R
>>
endobj
389 0 obj
<<
/Title (Rodents and grassland ecosystems)
/Dest (head15)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 390 0 R
/Next 388 0 R
/First 391 0 R
/Last 392 0 R
/Count 5
>>
endobj
390 0 obj
<<
/Title (Ecology of grasshoppers as grassland pests)
/Dest (head10)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 396 0 R
/Next 389 0 R
/First 397 0 R
/Last 398 0 R
/Count 4
>>
endobj
391 0 obj
<<
/Title (Damage to grassland)
/Dest (head16)
/Parent 389 0 R
/Next 395 0 R
>>
endobj
392 0 obj
<<
/Title (Ecosystem function)
/Dest (head20)
/Parent 389 0 R
/Prev 393 0 R
>>
endobj
393 0 obj
<<
/Title (Impact of climate change)
/Dest (head19)
/Parent 389 0 R
/Prev 394 0 R
/Next 392 0 R
>>
endobj
394 0 obj
<<
/Title (Pest management)
/Dest (head18)
/Parent 389 0 R
/Prev 395 0 R
/Next 393 0 R
>>
endobj
395 0 obj
<<
/Title (Impact of livestock grazing)
/Dest (head17)
/Parent 389 0 R
/Prev 391 0 R
/Next 394 0 R
>>
endobj
396 0 obj
<<
/Title (Structure and function of grassland ecosystems)
/Dest (head5)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 401 0 R
/Next 390 0 R
/First 402 0 R
/Last 403 0 R
/Count 4
>>
endobj
397 0 obj
<<
/Title (Life-history strategies and diapause characteristics)
/Dest (head11)
/Parent 390 0 R
/Next 400 0 R
>>
endobj
398 0 obj
<<
/Title (Livestock grazing and grasshopper population dynamics)
/Dest (head14)
/Parent 390 0 R
/Prev 399 0 R
>>
endobj
399 0 obj
<<
/Title (Ecological niche and divergence)
/Dest (head13)
/Parent 390 0 R
/Prev 400 0 R
/Next 398 0 R
>>
endobj
400 0 obj
<<
/Title (Chemical and behavioural ecology)
/Dest (head12)
/Parent 390 0 R
/Prev 397 0 R
/Next 399 0 R
>>
endobj
401 0 obj
<<
/Title (History of grassland ecosystem research in China)
/Dest (head4)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 406 0 R
/Next 396 0 R
>>
endobj
402 0 obj
<<
/Title (Vegetation structure and succession)
/Dest (head6)
/Parent 396 0 R
/Next 405 0 R
>>
endobj
403 0 obj
<<
/Title (Greenhouse gas dynamics)
/Dest (head9)
/Parent 396 0 R
/Prev 404 0 R
>>
endobj
404 0 obj
<<
/Title (Ecophysiology)
/Dest (head8)
/Parent 396 0 R
/Prev 405 0 R
/Next 403 0 R
>>
endobj
405 0 obj
<<
/Title (Biogeochemistry)
/Dest (head7)
/Parent 396 0 R
/Prev 402 0 R
/Next 404 0 R
>>
endobj
406 0 obj
<<
/Title (Chinas grassland ecosystems: types and distribution)
/Dest (head3)
/Parent 385 0 R
/Prev 386 0 R
/Next 401 0 R
>>
endobj
407 0 obj
<<
/Dest (bmkbib56)
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [ 90 326 135 336 ]
/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
>>
endobj
408 0 obj
<<
/Dest (bmkbib56)
/Type /Annot
/Subtype /Link
/Rect [ 392 75 434 85 ]
/Border [ 0 0 0 ]
>>
endobj
409 0 obj
<<
/T 381 0 R
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 760 298 788 ]
/V 410 0 R
/N 411 0 R
>>
endobj
410 0 obj
<<
/P 241 0 R
/R [ 43 503 538 508 ]
/V 446 0 R
/N 409 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
411 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 700 552 765 ]
/V 409 0 R
/N 412 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
412 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 700 298 705 ]
/V 411 0 R
/N 413 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
413 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 677 552 701 ]
/V 412 0 R
/N 414 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
414 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 86 421 522 679 ]
/V 413 0 R
/N 415 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
415 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 409 552 426 ]
/V 414 0 R
/N 416 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
416 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 56 101 298 398 ]
/V 415 0 R
/N 417 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
417 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 311 141 552 398 ]
/V 416 0 R
/N 418 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
418 0 obj
<<
/P 383 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 123 ]
/V 417 0 R
/N 419 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
419 0 obj
<<
/P 1 0 R
/R [ 43 49 284 276 ]
/V 418 0 R
/N 420 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
420 0 obj
<<
/P 1 0 R
/R [ 297 49 538 276 ]
/V 419 0 R
/N 421 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
421 0 obj
<<
/P 14 0 R
/R [ 56 634 298 788 ]
/V 420 0 R
/N 422 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
422 0 obj
<<
/P 14 0 R
/R [ 56 49 298 616 ]
/V 421 0 R
/N 423 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
423 0 obj
<<
/P 14 0 R
/R [ 311 336 552 788 ]
/V 422 0 R
/N 424 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
424 0 obj
<<
/P 14 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 320 ]
/V 423 0 R
/N 425 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
425 0 obj
<<
/P 20 0 R
/R [ 43 49 284 788 ]
/V 424 0 R
/N 426 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
426 0 obj
<<
/P 20 0 R
/R [ 297 49 538 788 ]
/V 425 0 R
/N 427 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
427 0 obj
<<
/P 45 0 R
/R [ 56 49 298 788 ]
/V 426 0 R
/N 428 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
428 0 obj
<<
/P 45 0 R
/R [ 311 542 552 788 ]
/V 427 0 R
/N 429 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
429 0 obj
<<
/P 45 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 526 ]
/V 428 0 R
/N 430 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
430 0 obj
<<
/P 81 0 R
/R [ 43 49 284 788 ]
/V 429 0 R
/N 431 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
431 0 obj
<<
/P 81 0 R
/R [ 297 49 538 788 ]
/V 430 0 R
/N 432 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
432 0 obj
<<
/P 119 0 R
/R [ 56 49 298 788 ]
/V 431 0 R
/N 433 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
433 0 obj
<<
/P 119 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 788 ]
/V 432 0 R
/N 434 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
434 0 obj
<<
/P 138 0 R
/R [ 43 164 284 788 ]
/V 433 0 R
/N 435 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
435 0 obj
<<
/P 138 0 R
/R [ 43 49 284 146 ]
/V 434 0 R
/N 436 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
436 0 obj
<<
/P 138 0 R
/R [ 297 49 538 788 ]
/V 435 0 R
/N 437 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
437 0 obj
<<
/P 174 0 R
/R [ 56 49 298 788 ]
/V 436 0 R
/N 438 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
438 0 obj
<<
/P 174 0 R
/R [ 311 428 552 788 ]
/V 437 0 R
/N 439 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
439 0 obj
<<
/P 174 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 409 ]
/V 438 0 R
/N 440 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
440 0 obj
<<
/P 208 0 R
/R [ 43 724 284 788 ]
/V 439 0 R
/N 441 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
441 0 obj
<<
/P 208 0 R
/R [ 43 49 284 700 ]
/V 440 0 R
/N 442 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
442 0 obj
<<
/P 208 0 R
/R [ 297 49 538 788 ]
/V 441 0 R
/N 443 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
443 0 obj
<<
/P 220 0 R
/R [ 56 49 298 788 ]
/V 442 0 R
/N 444 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
444 0 obj
<<
/P 220 0 R
/R [ 311 49 552 788 ]
/V 443 0 R
/N 445 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
445 0 obj
<<
/P 241 0 R
/R [ 43 500 284 788 ]
/V 444 0 R
/N 446 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
446 0 obj
<<
/P 241 0 R
/R [ 297 500 538 788 ]
/V 445 0 R
/N 410 0 R
/T 381 0 R
>>
endobj
447 0 obj
<<
/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]
/Font << /F1 458 0 R /F2 459 0 R /F3 450 0 R /F4 448 0 R /F5 454 0 R /F6 453 0 R
/F7 477 0 R >>
/ExtGState << /GS1 490 0 R /GS2 491 0 R >>
/ColorSpace << /Cs6 452 0 R >>
>>
endobj
448 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 42
/LastChar 42
/Widths [ 500 ]
/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding
/BaseFont /AIHODN+AdvPS6F00
/FontDescriptor 449 0 R
>>
endobj
449 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 683
/CapHeight 662
/Descent -217
/Flags 34
/FontBBox [ -166 -208 1000 729 ]
/FontName /AIHODN+AdvPS6F00
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 450
/CharSet (/asterisk)
/FontFile3 487 0 R
>>
endobj
450 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 30
/LastChar 152
/Widths [ 572 572 281 291 406 666 552 906 750 177 385 385 500 666 291 364 291
281 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 291 291 666 666 666
385 916 718 687 781 843 677 656 833 854 375 354 802 677 1010 843
812 635 812 718 593 760 833 708 1000 781 718 677 375 281 375 468
500 333 479 562 468 572 468 312 500 562 270 260 510 270 864 572
541 562 562 375 395 333 572 479 729 500 479 437 479 531 479 468
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 291 291 0 0 0 500 0 333 ]
/Encoding 461 0 R
/BaseFont /AIHODM+AdvPS8585
/FontDescriptor 451 0 R
>>
endobj
451 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 695
/CapHeight 682
/Descent -190
/Flags 34
/FontBBox [ -125 -208 1052 729 ]
/FontName /AIHODM+AdvPS8585
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 450
/CharSet (/one/comma/two/G/r/a/s/l/n/d/e/t/h/o/m/i/c/p/C/u/g/f/four/zero/percent/p\
eriod/R/quoteright/y/b/z/colon/parenleft/parenright/hyphen/nine/five/v/J\
/W/E/endash/seven/x/A/S/six/fi/M/j/k/w/O/semicolon/eight/three/T/q/slash\
/D/I/quoteleft/B/at/P/N/L/K/fl/F/V/H/ampersand/Z/Y/X/U/Q/tilde)
/FontFile3 486 0 R
>>
endobj
452 0 obj
[
/ICCBased 483 0 R
]
endobj
453 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 46
/LastChar 146
/Widths [ 281 281 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 552 333 333 583 583 583
614 979 718 718 718 718 666 614 781 718 281 552 718 614 833 718
781 666 781 718 666 614 718 666 947 666 666 614 333 281 333 583
552 333 552 614 552 614 552 333 614 614 281 281 552 281 885 614
614 614 614 385 552 333 614 552 781 552 552 500 385 281 385 583
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 281 ]
/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding
/BaseFont /AIHOEO+AdvPS6EC5
/FontDescriptor 455 0 R
>>
endobj
454 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 30
/LastChar 146
/Widths [ 572 572 281 312 416 666 489 875 947 218 447 437 520 666 312 364 312
281 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 312 312 666 666 666
406 916 729 697 708 781 656 635 791 822 375 479 770 645 979 812
791 614 791 697 604 666 770 718 979 781 718 625 375 281 375 427
500 333 520 468 385 500 385 281 447 520 270 239 520 239 770 531
447 489 447 343 333 291 531 520 687 489 479 489 395 531 395 427
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 312 ]
/Encoding 461 0 R
/BaseFont /AIHODO+AdvPS8588
/FontDescriptor 456 0 R
>>
endobj
455 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 718
/CapHeight 718
/Descent -216
/Flags 32
/FontBBox [ -166 -218 1000 770 ]
/FontName /AIHOEO+AdvPS6EC5
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 532
/CharSet (/one/period/I/N/T/R/O/D/U/C/two/H/A/quoteright/S/G/L/E/Y/M/colon/P/B/thr\
ee/F/four/five/six/seven/K)
/FontFile3 489 0 R
>>
endobj
456 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 693
/CapHeight 682
/Descent -190
/Flags 32
/FontBBox [ -145 -208 1114 739 ]
/FontName /AIHODO+AdvPS8588
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 444
/CharSet (/S/t/a/e/K/y/L/b/o/r/f/I/n/g/d/M/m/P/s/c/R/comma/i/u/Z/l/C/h/A/B/j/one/z\
ero/eight/p/quoteright/Q/v/V/E/nine/three/period/T/F/z/k/q/fl/H/fi/x/w/G\
/hyphen/O/D/N/J/U/colon)
/FontFile3 485 0 R
>>
endobj
457 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 693
/CapHeight 682
/Descent -187
/Flags 34
/FontBBox [ -72 -218 1145 708 ]
/FontName /AIHOCL+AdvPS858B
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 450
/CharSet (/L/e/K/a/n/g/comma/X/i/u/o/H/Z/h/b/d/O/s/r/t/J/x/S/y/w/colon/c/four/thre\
e/one/six/zero/nine/five/two/eight/seven)
/FontFile3 488 0 R
>>
endobj
458 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 58
/LastChar 121
/Widths [ 333 333 656 656 656 614 739 781 781 781 781 718 666 833 833 385 666
833 666 947 833 833 718 833 781 718 718 833 781 1000 781 781 718
385 281 385 656 500 333 666 666 666 666 666 385 666 666 333 333
666 333 1000 666 666 666 666 447 614 447 666 614 947 666 614 ]
/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding
/BaseFont /AIHOCK+AdvPSA324
/FontDescriptor 460 0 R
>>
endobj
459 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/FirstChar 44
/LastChar 121
/Widths [ 343 458 343 281 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 520 343 343 666
666 666 458 927 781 781 802 875 750 687 843 875 406 406 781 687
1010 791 875 729 864 770 656 739 833 729 1031 781 729 687 395 281
395 583 500 333 562 604 520 614 520 354 552 625 333 312 552 312
979 625 572 614 614 479 458 375 625 541 770 552 541 ]
/Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding
/BaseFont /AIHOCL+AdvPS858B
/FontDescriptor 457 0 R
>>
endobj
460 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/Ascent 720
/CapHeight 720
/Descent -177
/Flags 32
/FontBBox [ -156 -239 1000 812 ]
/FontName /AIHOCK+AdvPSA324
/ItalicAngle 0
/StemV 0
/XHeight 524
/CharSet (/G/r/a/s/l/n/d/e/c/o/y/t/m/i/C/h/colon/v/w/f/u/k/g)
/FontFile3 484 0 R
>>
endobj
461 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/BaseEncoding /WinAnsiEncoding
/Differences [ 19 /Lslash /lslash /minus /fraction /breve /caron /dotlessi /dotaccent
/hungarumlaut /ogonek /ring /fi /fl ]
>>
endobj
462 0 obj
4394
endobj
463 0 obj
<< /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 462 0 R >>
stream