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On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. LS23 6AD The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Norfolk was killed in 1572. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. he could also overthrow her. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. VAT reg no 816865400. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. Boston Spa, - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Henry himself gave people cause . LS23 6AD The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Boston Spa, Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Those who refused this were sent to prison. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Stimulus = Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England / The sea beggars, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Best Answer. Spouse: None. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. 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The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Elizabeth I: a biography. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative.