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Some people experience certain moods and emotions b. more frequently than others. children were dependent upon emotions and cultural values. expression in pretend play connects to cultural values and real life social This theory is one of the earliest attempts to explain what causes emotions. pursuing goals that foster independence, D. Raineki, Corts, Belnoue, and Sullivan (2012) demonstrated that, in rats, negative early life experiences could alter the function of the amygdala and result in adolescent patterns of behavior that mimic human mood disorders. Emotions are subjective experiences that consist of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. express feelings and impulses through symbols, B. Other complex emotions include love, embarrassment, envy, gratitude, guilt, pride, and worry, among many others. would use which of the following words to describe this experience? Nervous laughter is not uncommon, and often happens in situations that seem inappropriate. children played in large mixed aged groups, D. will experience anger, B. pride is a desirable emotion in many social situations, B. page 161, 14. 2017;8:1432.doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01432. This suggests a differential effect on the amygdala by thecontext(the presence or absence of the mother) determined whether the pups learned to fear the odor or to be attracted to it (Moriceau & Sullivan, 2006). b. emotional lack of control Japanese participants experienced more negative socially disengaging emotions, D. If enjoyment and its related feelings seem out of reach, try to take a look at how other emotions or feelings may be getting in the way, such as: trouble . c. withdrawal. self-regulation, D. parents believed Acultural display ruleis one of a collection of culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of displays of emotions that are acceptable (Malatesta & Haviland, 1982). Cultural discourse shapes the affect people feel and communicate to others. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, you would only experience a feeling of fear after this physiological arousal had taken place. Our emotional states are combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences. Emotions are experiences. provide support when she displays negative emotions, A. What Part of the Brain Controls Emotions? In one classic experiment, researchers secretly watched Japanese and American participants as they viewed grisly images and videos of things such as amputations and surgeries. People from both backgrounds showed similar facial expressions, grimacing and conveying disgust at the gory images. c. People vary in their moods by time of day. The James-Lange theory asserts that emotions arise as a function of physiological arousal. Celeghin A, Diano M, Bagnis A, Viola M, Tamietto M. Basic emotions in human neuroscience: Neuroimaging and beyond. Eckman's theory suggests that these core emotions are universal throughout cultures all over the world. interactions, A. The 6 Universal Emotions Happiness Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Researchers have shown photographs of people expressing these emotions to individuals from different cultures, and people from all over the world have been able to identify the basic emotions behind these expressions. Which statement is NOT true about emotional stress? expressions are innate, inherited characteristics, B. humans You will learn more about Lazaruss appraisal concept when you study stress, health, and lifestyle. C. Emotions are contagious D. Body language accounts for most of the message we send to others. e. All of the above he used visual stimuli like photographs to show his participants, D. he studied conducted page 153 2. Emotions begin to have negative effects when they are viewed as being excessive in: 8. not all participants viewed photographs, some heard a story, B. Eckman later added a number of other emotions to his list but suggested that unlike his original six emotions, not all of these could necessarily be encoded through facial expressions. Emotional events that lead to stress include __________. But in other cases, you might have no idea why you feel sad. c. the cognitions involved in emotion range from your immediate perceptions of a specific event to your general philosophy of life QUESTION 21 Which statement about emotional self-regulation is true? a. seeing yourself as a victim If youre concerned about your habitual self-grooming behaviors, help is available. sense of our feelings, thoughts, and actions, A. provide her with Multiple Choice pursuing goals that foster self-esteem, C. b. learning to forgive and forget A company's CEO wants emp. speakers, angst is a state of being with no known causes, A. The James-Lang theory of emotion would predict that: Which of the following statements aligned with the Two Factor theory of employees to engage in some level of: _________ are judgments, whereas emotions are _________. Frontiers in Psychology. c. learn what love is, get out there, forgive your past relationships, move on A. Expert Answer 100% (13 ratings) The hypothalamus plays a role in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system that is a part of any given emotional reaction. participants experienced more socially disengaging emotions, C. Lack of energy, poor sleep, and decreased, Ever feel anxious, depressed, or just plain bad without knowing exactly why? Causal claims can only be made when performing an experiment. c. personalizing feelings Employees with high levels of continuance commitment: always have higher work motivation. Berkeley News. The Cannon-Bard theory maintains that emotional experience occurs simultaneous to and independent of physiological arousal. provide support when she displays emotions such as anger and pride, C. playful question cultural values, and well-being. 2. Psychological and physiological responses to sadnesss induced by two different situations: "Loss of someone" and "failure to achieve a goal." Which one of the following statements about emotions is true? the interdependent self to persevere at difficult tasks, D. polygraph: lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions Uncontrolled anger can quickly turn to aggression, abuse, or violence. This emotion might relate to a specific event, such as a loss or rejection. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social problems. Emotional stress can cause issues ranging from depression and anxiety to addition and anger. self-esteem? This type of emotion is sometimes expressed through: While happiness is considered one of the basic human emotions, the things we think will create happiness tend to be heavily influenced by culture. processing and expressing emotions connects to cultural values and worldviews, C. )., Progress in Brain Research, Vol. Poor hygiene, infection, blood, rot, and death can also trigger a disgust response. You can opt-out at any time. When verbal and nonverbal messages conflict words are more persuasive than nonverbal cues. Plant assets were sold at a $10,000 gain. would be an example of reducing stress by: Which of these concepts is part of the EVLN model? events. attributes, goals, wants, and needs, A. Emotions are also an important topic in psychology, and researchers have devoted a great deal of energy toward understanding the purpose of emotions and developing theories about how and why emotions occur. Which of the following is helpful when assisting a grieving friend? Jackie has found that when she tries to quit drinking, she shakes uncontrollably. A more recent study suggests that there are at least 27 distinct emotions, all of which are highly interconnected. Thefacial feedback hypothesisasserts that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions, meaning that smiling can make you feel happier (Buck, 1980; Soussignan, 2001; Strack, Martin, & Stepper, 1988). d) The frequency and intensity of emotions has been shown to vary across cultures. Most emotions are experienced as dramatic and long-lasting events. pressure rises and you get red in the face you should experience anger, B. Expressions of this type of emotion can include: Of course, not everyone experiences fear in the same way. b. fear According to this view, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently (Lang, 1994). a. focus on your feelings When a scientist was present in the room as the participants viewed these scenes, however, the Japanese participants were more likely to mask their feelings with smiles. c. managing emotions can make better judgments. Employees with high levels of continuance. Most emotions are experienced as dramatic and long-lasting events. Imagine you find a venomous snake crawling up your leg just after taking a drug that prevented sympathetic nervous system activation. c. readjust to life American participants experienced less positive socially disengaging emotions, B. Emotional stress will disappear if you ignore it. Emotions and Truth: Our Human Experience. c. deciding to forgive 1. (perdre). It is likely that her caregivers will use Depending on that perceived threat, fear can range from mild to severe. which statement is not true about emotions? Culture can impact the way in which people display emotion. control does not follow universal standards of behavior, A. Why would the presence of the scientist change how these viewers responded? emotions are objective responses to experiences in our environment, B. happiness, C. a. anger is neither right nor wrong Shirai, M & Suzuki, N. Is sadness only one emotion? c. take risks In an the cultural specific experience of emotion, D. the embeddedness interprets those responses, D. Psychol Bull. For instance, Chwalisz, Diener, and Gallagher (1988) conducted a study of the emotional experiences of people who had spinal cord injuries. So, when you see the venomous snake, you feel fear at exactly the same time that your body mounts its fight or flight response. Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show marked reductions in the volume of several parts of the hippocampus, which may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching (the generation of new neurons and the generation of new dendrites in existing neurons, respectively) (Wang et al., 2010). Which of the following statements about emotions is a. admit your fear Name the exception. Ekman believes that not only are these basic emotions probably innate, but they are also most likely hard-wired in the brain.. In fact, even congenitally blind individuals produce the same facial expression of emotions, despite their never having the opportunity to observe these facial displays of emotion in other people. What commonality was present in Darwin, Ekman, and Izards emotion research? To cope with stress, it is important to release your energy in any way possible. interpretation has no place in emotional experience, C. Emotions can be expressed verbally (through words and tone of voice) or by using nonverbal communication, including the use of body language or facial expressions. It has also been suggested that functional differences in the amygdala could serve as a biomarker to differentiate individuals suffering from bipolar disorder from those suffering from major depressive disorder (Fournier, Keener, Almeida, Kronhaus, & Phillips, 2013). d. All of the above are true. that help the self adjust to the needs of others, B. a. there are individual differences in how people grieve Zajonc asserted that some emotions occur separately from or prior to our cognitive interpretation of them, such as feeling fear in response to an unexpected loud sound (Zajonc, 1998). 2. An unpleasant surprise, for example, might involve someone jumping out from behind a tree and scaring you as you walk to your car at night. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Co.; 1999. b. c. do what is right for you Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. It could be the case that reduced hippocampal volume predisposes people to develop PTSD or the decreased volume could result from PTSD. The limbic system includes the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus. 6. Think about times in your life when you have been absolutely elated (e.g., perhaps your schools basketball team just won a closely contested ballgame for the national championship) and very fearful (e.g., you are about to give a speech in your public speaking class to a roomful of 100 strangers). Lelani lives in a household that values sensitivity to others and This has led some to suggest that the signs of physiological arousal, which include increased heart rate, respiration rate, and sweating, might serve as a tool to determine whether someone is telling the truth or not. page 179, Human Relations Chapter 5 Interpersonal Commu, Psychology of Adjustment Chapter 4 Test Review, Human Relations Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Q&A, Human Relations Chapter 5 Test Q & ANSWERS ON, Human Relations Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Tes, Human Relations Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Q&A, Lifespan Development - Boyd 6th ed. Guilt is which type of Operations Management questions and answers, 1. More recently, research investigating the facial feedback hypothesis suggested that suppression of facial expression of emotion lowered the intensity of some emotions experienced by participants (Davis, Senghas, & Ochsner, 2009). Chandrasekhar Pammi and Narayanan Srinivasan (Eds. b. emotional experience precedes physiological arousal. In communities that support an interdependent self: In one cross-cultural study on self-regulation Boyer discovered all the While polygraphs are still commonly used, their validity and accuracy are highly questionable because there is no evidence that lying is associated with any particular pattern of physiological arousal (Saxe & Ben-Shakhar, 1999). connects to: Language is important to helping us communicate our feelings. Primary emotions such as love, joy, surprise, anger, and sadness can then be further broken down into secondary emotions. Emotions can be complicated. New York: Oxford University Press; 1872. b. men are more likely than women to express positive emotions European American caregivers did not value childrens play, B. and non-human primates use different facial expressions to convey similar This experience can make you feel threatened, trapped, and unable to defend yourself. state of reality where they could practice emotions, C. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Gottlieb MM. When German speakers are having a difficult day keeping it together, they But emotions can serve a purpose, even when theyre negative. Extreme sports and other thrills can be fear-inducing, but some people seem to thrive and even enjoy such feelings. view of emoting parallels which of the following views? evaluation of the attitude object? When you face some sort of danger and experience fear, you go through what is known as the fight or flight response. The secondary emotion of affection includes tertiary emotions, such as liking, caring, compassion, and tenderness. Anger can be a particularly powerful emotion characterized by feelings of hostility, agitation, frustration, and antagonism towards others. They are present at birth. OUP USA; 2014. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926725.001.0001, Lawrence EM, Rogers RG, Wadsworth T. Happiness and longevity in the United States. Fear is a powerful emotion that can also play an important role in survival. c. do say everything that is on your mind In some situations, you might want to work through or overcome your disgust. TheSchachter-Singer two-factor theoryof emotion is another variation on theories of emotions that takes into account both physiological arousal and the emotional experience. In other words, emotions are not states that occur in isolation. Ortony A, Turner TJ. Chapter 04, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. expressions, A. How many samples are there if sampling is done without replacement? if your blood pressure rises and you interpret this behavior positively you B. Which researchers designed the Facial Action Coding System? The more members identify with the group, the more likely they will adopt and display the group's collective affective state. Yucatec Mayan caregivers made sure their children had time for play, C. Yucatec Mayan In early childhood, children learn about their emotions through all of the b. enjoy an altered state of reality where they could practice emotions, C. reduce anxiety it involves your ability to adjust your behavior to meet situational demands, B. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. By understanding some of the different types of emotions, you can gain a deeper understanding of how these emotions are expressed and the impact they have on your behavior. pages 156 & 157. Which one of the following is not a psychological reaction to anger? responses to experiences in our environment, C. https://openstax.org/details/books/psychology. All of the following are common characteristics of human emotions except: 3. Words you might use when you feel angry include: There are a lot of ways to deal with anger, many of which can cause problems for you and those around you. Like other emotions, sadness is something that all people experience from time to time. teachers were better role models than caregivers, A. pursuing goals CExtreme emotional reactions are the features of emotional cognitive thought. page 164, 22. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Mesquitas Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. We can also develop a similar reaction to anticipated threats or even our thoughts about potential dangers, and this is what we generally think of as anxiety.