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Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). Soil Environ. This was the case for 12 of the 27 states (Fig. On. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. Chem. Degrad. Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST M.C.C., S.G.K. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. USA 118, e2014746118 (2021). Molecules 23, 2870 (2018). Collias, D. I. et al. Stab. Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. J. Environ. Sonochem. Chem. To probe the role of both solvent and substrate hydrophobicity, we used two different substrates (acetic versus undecanoic acid) and solvents (ethanol versus 2-ethylhexanol). T.A., S.G. and S.K. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. Funding & tenders - European Commission Hope O Baker - Mite Coordinator - Mankato Area Hockey Assoc | LinkedIn Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Life 2021-2027 Rev. Proc. Andrady, A. L. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Li, Q. et al. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. We estimated reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19, for each state and sex, from the difference between the 2020 period life table and the DT20 estimates (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4), between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2020 (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6) and between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. Internet Explorer). For all intervals except ages 01, 15 and 90+, the interval length n is 5 years wide. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). Santos, M. C. et al. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Political and institutional perils of Brazils COVID-19 crisis. %PDF-1.7 8). In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. <> The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. Clin. Nurse Practitioner - New Grads Welcome-Argenta, IL All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. ISPRA is responsible for the geomorphological characterization of the nesting sites and analysis for land planning and management, the geomorphological and chemical characterization of the sites and the drafting of guidelines on the management of coastal erosion for the suitability of the nesting habitat.The project partnership is composed of: Anton Dohrn Zoological Station; University of Rome La Sapienza; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Balmes University Foundation, Spain; National Organization of Italian Dogs; Cestmed, France; Basilicata Region; Puglia region; Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Toscana; Lazio region; Campania Region; ISPRA- Italy. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). Anne J. McNeil. Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. Chang noted that most existing PSAs appear between the G and G bounds of 103 and 106 Pascals (Pa) at the aforementioned bounding frequencies, and can be grouped into the quadrants (and central region) highlighted in Fig. Google Scholar. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). Sonication has previously been used to chain-shorten high-molar mass polymers with various backbone architectures31,32, including polyacrylic acid33, and has been used at scale34. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. George Giles - VP Marketing & Strategy - LinkedIn Environ. 44, 11491154 (1979). To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. C.M.T. Proven ability to identify and interpret a. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). An accomplished and highly motivated senior ABAP Developer. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Nat. Eng. US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. When closed-loop processes are unavailable, an alternative, known as open-loop chemical recycling can be utilized. Natl Acad. interpreted the data. The SAP SF and Payroll Rollout initiative is a strategic technology that will reinvent the HR function in the implementing markets This initiative will establish an integrated HR platform that. (September 20, 2016). As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. "Environment" area. 21, 12181230 (2016). In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature J. endobj March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Rio Grande do Sul, in the South, was the only state with an estimated increase in e0 from 2019 to 2020 for both sexes (0.07 years) but a decline for males of 0.11 years. Jul 13, 2021 Nature Governance ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversityby: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or 2a and Supplementary Table 7). Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. All the adhesives synthesized from PAAP&G fall within quadrant 3 and the central region (Fig. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. Collias, D. I. et al. Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) ID: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE: Types of action: LIFE Project Grants: Deadline model: single-stage: Opening date: 13 July 2021: Deadline date: 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time . Expected Impact . U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). Disruption in treatment and diagnosis of tuberculosis and HIV might increase mortality over the next 5 years30. US Provisional Patent Application No. Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. 3a). To avoid inconsistencies between life tables estimated for 2019 and 2020, we applied the same methodology to 2019. Mater. Innovation Place, CONNECTING Sci. The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. (ed.) Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. Polym. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Article Chem. 5)49,50. M.C.C. I tried to learn Python before,. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1 min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2 min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps,. Noronha, K. V. M. S. et al. The lack of a coordinated, prompt and equitable response informed by science, as well as the promotion of disinformation, have been the hallmark of the current administration27. Life Cycle Assess. It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could . Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. 1 0 obj volume12, Articlenumber:4524 (2021) Soc. Within the first 15h, we observed a substantial drop (more than two orders of magnitude) in viscosity, after which point no further changes were observed. & Garenne, M. The 1918 influenza epidemics effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. "Climate action". Labels above bars indicate the states with extreme (high and low) life expectancies in 2019 and 2020. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. 2). SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. Sci. sub-programme "Nature and Biodiversity". Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. The estimated decline for Brazil was 0.94 years for both sexes, 0.66 years for females and 1.17 years for males. Nat Commun 12, 4524 (2021). and C.M.T. Eng. To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". Public Health Nutr. Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. Nuzzo, J. Scope: are employees at P&G. Funding call: Nature Governance | EFSA - European Food Safety Authority Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Plots of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus time and maximum specific energy (wmax) for sonicating PAAP&G at a 2.5% w/v and b 5.0% w/v. . 3 0 obj The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). CAS The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. We surmise that the estimates derived from the decrement life table techniques (DT19 and DT20) are higher than those reported in the text because of additional biases related to violation of the assumption of independence between COVID-19 and other causes and misdiagnosis of cause of death. In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. Estimates of period mortality rates require an estimate of the population exposed to the risk of dying. J. Adhes. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. Castro, M. C. et al. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). The synthetic polymer community created these impactful materials, and now, we must turn our attention towards technologies that facilitate their collection and recycling, to create a circular economy that is more sustainable7. produced all visualization. Creton, C. Pressure-sensitive adhesives: An introductory course. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> CAS Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. life-2021-sap-nat nature-DcardPTT|202206| For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. Aileen Camantigue - National Capital Region, Philippines - LinkedIn A facile and highly efficient strategy for esterification of poly(meth)acrylic acid with halogenated compounds at room temperature promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. 24, 561564 (2021). 58, 13471364 (2020). projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" When acetic acid was reacted with 2-ethylhexanol/water, we observed a 94% conversion. Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) Correspondence to Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. These results demonstrate that solvent hydrophobicity improves conversion to the ester. Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure - Nature Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. Nature and Biodiversity ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE . Article 4 0 obj