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b. map, or sequence, genes. Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. Neurotransmitters will only bind to their specific receptor sites, much like a key will only fit into the lock it was designed for. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). c. role-playing. 27. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic, 7. d. synapses. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? A story will illustrate the latter. Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. If my mother or father consumes alcohol to feel better when things are tough, and it works, then I might do the same. Multidimensional Approaches to Understanding Mental Illness | Abnormal Another respondent conditioning way to unlearn a fear is called flooding or exposing the person to the maximum level of stimulus and as nothing aversive occurs, the link between CS and UCS producing the CR of fear should break, leaving the person unafraid. 49. But before these diagnostic categories a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. humanist-existential d. sociocultural. Module Overview. b. self-actualizing. The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. 3. size the different models of abnormality and to avoid oversimplifying the complex nature of human problems. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. 36. Amelia has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that takes many sessions. How is the anatomy of the brain important to a discussion of psychopathology? Considered the follow-up to Watson and Rayner (1920), Jones (1924; Figure 2.7) wanted to see if a child who learned to be afraid of white rabbits (Panel B) could be conditioned to become unafraid of them. They then realize their worth as a person but also that they are not perfect. A reliance on medication for treatment and a belief that psychological illness is. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. There are also certain types of disorders that are unique to women. Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. Gen psych chapter 13 - Subjecto.com Panel A of Figure 2.6 shows the naturally occurring response to the stimulus of a loud sound. Which statement regarding the outcomes of couple therapy is FALSE? Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? c. existential The development of personality. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: a. genome mapping is a waste of time. These medications fall under five major categories. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. d. development of sociopathic tendencies. b. exposure What, according to Freud, fuels the id? c. psychodynamic Freuds psychosexual stages of personality development are listed below. How so? Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. The second part of personality emerges after birth with early formative experiences and is called the ego. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. d. brain circuits. Models aid us with doing all of this. Describe how communication in the nervous system occurs. 62. c. operant conditioning. This is an example of behavior modification using: With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: let their thoughts flow, without judgment. b. existential c. psychodynamic-gestalt. The information is received by brain structures (central nervous system) and perception occurs. The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. 113. The genes responsible for anxiety disorders or related psychological patterns are the same genes that once helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. Finally, respondent conditioning has several properties: 2.3.2.3. According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? d. It focuses on educational goals rather than therapeutic purposes. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. These therapies have proven efficacy for the treatment of depression (Kalibatseva & Leong, 2014) and schizophrenia (Naeem et al., 2015). These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. 156. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential B? Neurotransmitter imbalances and problems with brain structures/areas can result in mental disorders. Contingencies in Operant Conditioning. d. acceptance and commitment, 97. Those who are not assertive are often overly passive and never get what they want or are unreasonably aggressive and only get what they want. It is difficult to research this perspective. Humans are born with freedom, yet do not naturally strive to reach their full growth potential. What he discovered was the dogs would salivate even before the meat powder was presented. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? This might even affect how you interact with them. Observational learning is learning by watching others and modeling techniques change behavior by having subjects observe a model in a situation that usually causes them some anxiety. b. the role that biology plays in psychological functioning. 2.2.1.3. The rabbit was far enough away so as not to cause distress. The Biological Model of Abnormality Chapter Exam - Study.com 86. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. c. emphasize health. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. c. transference. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD. PDF CHAPTER 71 Diagnosis and Classification Issues: DSM-5 and More Conditioning. This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: a. defense mechanism. 111. b. rationalization. b. support the ideas of positive psychology. It operates on the reality principle, or an awareness of the need to adjust behavior, to meet the demands of our environment. 84. Thorndike also said that stimulus and responses were connected by the organism, and this led to learning. Evaluate the usefulness of the behavioral model. As noted earlier, the idea of people being machines, called mechanism, was a key feature of behaviorism and other schools of thought in psychology until about the 1960s or 1970s. b. cognitive-behavioral. Abnormal chemical activity in the bodys endocrine system relates to the release of: a. hormones. d. synapses. 103. It exists in the nucleus of each cell, packaged in threadlike structures known as chromosomes, for which we have 23 pairs or 46 total. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". c. cognitive-behavioral a. disengaged b. neglectful c. enmeshed d. belittling. Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: a. natural observation. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? Examples of secondary punishers include a ticket for speeding, losing television or video game privileges, ridicule, or a fee for paying your rent or credit card bill late. 120. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? For more on psychosurgery, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199203/psychosurgery. b. biological. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. b. operate in accordance with the reality principle. d. projection. On later trials, the rat was presented (NS) and followed closely by a loud sound (UCS; Panel B). a. 2.2.3.2. Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: a. cognitive-behavioral. By seeing the model interact nicely with the fear evoking stimulus, their fear should subside. Maladaptive cognitions. The autonomic nervous system regulates the functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs such as the bladder, stomach, and heart. Watson and Rayner (1920) conducted one of the most famous studies in psychology. Stimulants are generally effective and produce a calming effect. Participants have similar issues. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. 2.3.1.4. Behaviorism is the school of thought associated with learning that began in 1913 with the publication of John B. Watsons article, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, in the journal Psychological Review (Watson, 1913). The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. 154. What about other students in the class that you know? 58. Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. For operant conditioning, this means that if I make a behavior, then a specific consequence will follow. 148. This thought is an example of: a. depression. Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. Freud believed that the id is fueled by: a. self-preservation. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? Key features of the perspective include a belief in human perfectibility, personal fulfillment, valuing self-disclosure, placing feelings over intellect, an emphasis on the present, and hedonism. d. genes. A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses (such as salivating to meat powder) and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it (such as salivating to a bell). This dream is interpreted to reflect the patients emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. Little Albert made no response outside of curiosity (NSNR not shown).