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as well as much of Europe. Authors: Przemysaw Hensel No full-text available . Although English is the language of business, it is best to have all contracts and documents translated into Polish. South Korea, Canada, England, Saudi Arabia, What statement best describes a high power distance culture?, T/F: Cultures with a strong uncertainty avoidance orientation sense that uncertainty in life is a continuous threat that must be fought. Why do you think context is such an important cultural characteristic? Polish language is also more complex than English, both grammatically and structurally, which has its impact on how we communicate with one another and what we expect in communication. Messages are expressed and understood at face value. Its a real life example from my first job in London where I was a campus recruiter and was organising an international event for students studying in the UK but wanting to work for our office in other parts of the world. Thisstatement needs to be followed by creating a set of team rules which lean towards the low-context ways of communication as well as agreed upon by all members. I left the meeting happy with all the information thatI received and ready to start working on my tasks. To give you an example, in comparison to Asian countries such as Japan, China or Indonesia both UK and Poland could be described as rather a low-context culture. Does it mean that I sometimes go there and back for just the weekend? People say what they mean and mean what they say. 2023 IOR Global Services. A high-context culture relies on implicit communication and nonverbal cues. Countries that fall into this categorization are Japan, China, France, Spain, Brazil, and more. Marriage plays an important role in the Polish society. There is a certain pride in being tough and difficult to negotiate with. With time I actually started to appreciate most of these minutes after meetings and sometimes I dont even take notes any more if I know the lead will send a summary afterwards! The same is true of thrift. Modern Polish art was associated with heavy experimentation and was born with the Moda Polska movement. Staying in regular contact with business colleagues / partners can help facilitate the process. The Drowning of Marzanna is a festival held to bid farewell to winter and welcome spring. The earliest literature produced in the country was in Latin. It consists of four capabilities - Drive, Knowledge, Strategy and Action, and they can be used in a variety of diverse situations! Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 46(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2017.1292944. As far as Ting-Toomeys theory goes, she takes this idea one step further to understanding how face and communication ultimately enable successful intercultural conflict management. Admittedly, in Hofstedes research, there does tend to be a difference between females and males on these characteristics (females tend to be more relationally oriented and males more assertive), which is why Hofstede went with the terms masculinity and femininity in the first place. According to this theory, a high context (HC) culture, such as Japan, is characterized by nonverbal communication and meanings shared implicitly by speaker/listener that are highly dependent on the context. Is Singapore a high context culture or low context culture? In the most recent version of her theory, Stella Ting-Toomey outlines seven basic factors of face-negotiation theory: First and foremost, communication and face are highly intertwined concepts, so when coming to an intercultural encounter, it is important to remember the interrelationship between the two. Affectionate communication is conceptualized as a persons use of intentional and overt communicative behaviors to convey feelings of closeness, care, and fondness in the form of verbal statements, nonverbal behaviors, and social support.35. Try to make initial introductions through a local representative rather than on your own. Dismissal is governed by the laws of the EU. IOR collects cookies to improve your experience on our website. The traditional clothing of the Polish people varies greatly with their location in the country. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. I know that the British are often characterised as masters of sarcasm and irony. Meyer defines them as follows: Low-context: Good communication is precise, simple and clear. . For example, an invitation to a party would be addressed to Mr. It will be based on the book entitled The Culture Map by an INSEAD professor and cross-cultural specialist Erin Meyer. Generally there is low tolerance for ambiguity and people require detailed explanation and understanding before making decisions. In my opinion switching from high-context culture to a low-context one is much easier, technically, than the other way around. In the past, HR was seen as a channel for instilling the goals of the communist party. Messages may seem direct because Poles believe people should be free to express opinions. In anthropology, high-context culture and low-context culture are ends of a continuum of how explicit the messages exchanged in a culture are and how important the context is in communication.The continuum pictures how people communicate with others through their range of communication abilities: utilizing gestures, relations, body language, verbal messages, or non-verbal messages. Negotiations with new customers are going to be tougher and longer until a relationship is established. However, their significance has nearly been eliminated in the modern Polish society. ACTION is your ability to adapt (and not adapt) when working in multicultural contexts. Uncertainty avoidance then involves the extent to which cultures as a whole are fearful of ambiguous and unknown situations. Legal. If you are from a high context culture and working with someone from a low context culture, focus on the content of the message without looking for hidden meaning. Several other festivals and holidays are also celebrated in Poland. Summarize the importance of Stella Ting-Toomeys face and facework in interpersonal relationships. This post is a part of the series where Id like to share some of my cross-cultural experiences and stories. High-context cultures, on the other hand, are cultures where understanding a message is dependent on the cultural context and a communicators nonverbal behavior. Does your co-culture differ from the dominant culture? Asian, African, Arab, central European and Latin American cultures are generally considered to be high-context cultures. As a manager, take time to articulate specific tasks and check with employees to demonstrate the importance of the employee and the project. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. However, in collectivistic cultures, a person would answer in terms of the group, organization, and/or corporation that they serve. It is therefore of a higher context than the British one. The goal is to work hard now, so you can have the payoff later. Pomeranian Voivodeship - a voivodeship located in the northern part of Poland. ), { "6.01:_What_is_Culture" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.02:_The_Function_of_Culture" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.03:_Cultural_Characteristics_and_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.04:_Improving_Intercultural_Communication_Skills" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6.05:_Chapter_Wrap-Up" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_to_Human_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Overview_of_Interpersonal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Intrapersonal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Verbal_Elements_of_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Nonverbal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Cultural_and_Environmental_Factors_in_Interpersonal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Talking_and_Listening" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Building_and_Maintaining_Relationships" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Conflict_in_Relationships" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Friendship_Relationships" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Family_and_Marriage_Relationships" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Interpersonal_Communication_in_Mediated_Contexts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Interpersonal_Relationships_at_Work" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_The_Dark_Side_of_Interpersonal_Communication" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 6.3: Cultural Characteristics and Communication, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbyncsa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:wrenchetal", "program:opsuny", "program:opensuny", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/interpersonalcommunication" ], https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FCommunication%2FInterpersonal_Communication%2FBook%253A_Interpersonal_Communication_-_A_Mindful_Approach_to_Relationships_(Wrench_et_al. and Mrs. John Smith. In feminine cultures, men and women are upheld to the same standards, and their relationships should be based on mutual friendship. Fluid Time Starting one step at a time to develop these can really transform the way you react and manage challenging intercultural scenarios! Its important to understand that for an American for instance (America is located to the very left of the scale, by the low-context), both British and Polish cultures may seem very high-context and combining that with a tendency to use sarcastic humour cultural shock guaranteed! In the 1970's, anthropologist Edward T. Hall coined the phrases "high-context culture" and "low- context culture.". Most business entertaining takes place in restaurants. Japan is the most high-context society due to long shared history, followed by Korea, China and Indonesia. The ruling class or nomenclatura that held the ruling power during the Communist rule in Poland is striving to regain power in the country. Men also dress well and adorn a heavily embroidered waistcoat, striped trousers, and an ornamented krakuska cap. Attendees should wait to be told where to sit. In an individualistic culture, if someone asked what you do for a living, they would answer by saying their profession or occupation. Older, more traditional managers have technical skills but may lack management skills. The headgear consists of a floral wreath in the case of unmarried women while the married ones tie a white kerchief. A variety of other sports like basketball, hockey, swimming, weightlifting, boxing, etc., are played in the country. In fact, within the latest edition of the book examining these characteristics, Hofstede and his colleagues title the chapter on uncertainty avoidance as What is Different is Dangerous, calling out the threat factor people in high uncertainty avoidance cultures feel.31 Cultures at the high end of uncertainty avoidance include Greece, Portugal, Guatemala, Uruguay, and Belgium Flemish; whereas, cultures at the low end of uncertainty avoidance include Singapore, Jamaica, Denmark, Sweden, and Hong Kong. He ended up more comfortable and confident when it comes to talking about emotions, with a tool to help him actually name what he's feeling, and empowered to reach for his professional goals. Flicking one finger against your neck is an invitation to join someone for a drink. The results also indicated that trait affection given was significantly associated with the individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and uncertainty avoidance dimensions of cultures. Low-context cultures are cultures where the emphasis is placed on the words that come out of an individuals mouth. Don't hesitate to ask clarifying questions if the intent is not clear or the message sounds confusing. But making decisions may take longer than in some fixed time cultures because of the emphasis on maintaining relationships and building consensus. Some gestures can mean wildly different things in different parts of the world. As the cities in Poland grew during the Middle Ages, the food markets of the country flourished and culinary exchange of ideas also grew. Another popular alcoholic drink is the Polish mead which is a honey wine produced in the country since the Middle Ages. What is Poland culture? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In other words, we think about ourselves as individuals rather than the collective group. Households in the second quintile had incomes between $20,600 and $39,764, those in the third quintile had incomes between $39,765 and $64,582, and those in the fourth quintile had incomes between $64,583 and $104,096. #expatcoaching #expatlife #livingabroad #expatcoach #workingabroad #lifeabroad #workabroad #careerabroad #internationallife #internationalcareer #globalcareer #globallife #globalleaders #culturalawareness #selfawareness #selfgrowth #personalgrowth #personaldevelopment #culturalcompetence #movingabroad #zyciezagranica #zycienaemigracji #pracazagranica #rozwojosobisty #polacyzagranica, Which one - peach or coconut - do you feel closer to yourself? The United States ranks 64th out of 76 countries analyzed (Singapore was number 76). Moreover, in a collectivistic culture, there is a belief that you should do what benefits the group. Poland is also known for its electronic dance music with Vader being the most famous band performing this genre of music. This may take several group and one-on-one meetings. Face-negotiation theory ultimately concerned with three different types of face: self-face (concern for our face), other-face (concern for another persons face), and mutual-face (concern for both interactants and the relationship).39 As you can see from Ting-Toomeys last assumption in her theory above, individuals who are competent in facework can recognize when facework is necessary and then handle those situations appropriately, effectively, and adaptively. Naturally, high-context communication can occur in a low-context culture, as the German biergarten illustrates. US is the most low-context culture followed by Australia, Canada, Netherlands, Germany, UK. Close friends greet each other very affectionately with hugging and kisses on the cheeks. Figure 6.3.2 illustrates some of the patterns of context that exist in todays world.21. There is also an intelligentsia whose population is steadily increasing as is the population of workers. The Renaissance period also witnessed the production of great literary works by the Polish authors and poets. Business is still largely based on relationships. Family provides the foundation for endurance andperseverance, Each family member must take responsibility for self andfamily, Hierarchy helps structure roles and reduce uncertainty, Traditionally male dominated society, slowly changing. Messages are often implied but not plainly expressed." Here is the graph showing UK and Polish cultures compared with my preference on the Communication scale. To do that, I needed to put the relationship-approach aside and realise that whether the person was sending minutes after the meeting or not had nothing to do with trust. A high-context culture is one in which contextual cues are the primary and dominating method of transmitting communication rules. A high-context culture is a culture in which people rely heavily on nonverbal and implicit communication. Homes are generally very small, so there is not a great deal of personal space in the home. The St. Andrew's Day is a traditional holiday in the country and is celebrated on November 29. Here is the graph showing UK and Polish cultures compared with my preference on the Communication scale. In Table 6.3.1, we broke down issues of context into three general categories: communication, cultural orientation, and business. Another form of respectful greeting is a brief, shallow bow. But the Brazilian culture presents some particularities that McDonald's marketing team seem very aware of. To show one's disagreement and anger in public is tantamount to admitting loss of control and face, because what is being said is taken personally which may have an influence on interpersonal relationships. This page titled 6.3: Cultural Characteristics and Communication is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jason S. Wrench, Narissra M. Punyanunt-Carter & Katherine S. Thweatt (OpenSUNY) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Its opposite pole, restraint, reflects a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict social norms. 34 The top five on the Indulgence end are Venezuela, Mexico, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, and Nigeria, whereas those on the restraint end are Pakistan, Egypt, Latvia, Ukraine, and Albania. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 29. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The father holds absolute authority and must be obeyed by the children. A high-context culture relies on implicit communication and nonverbal cues. During this time, three poets, entitled the Three Bards (Zygmunt Krasiski, Adam Mickiewicz, and Juliusz Sowacki) acted as the spiritual leaders of the nation. The cultural variability dimensions of individualism-collectivism and small/large power distance shape the orientations, movements, contents, and styles of facework. Poland is in the middle on the scale, closer to low-context which doesn't mean it is easer for us to adjust. In addition to the previous characteristics, Hofstede noticed a fifth characteristic of cultures that he deemed long-term and short-term orientation. Formal Employees may withhold discussing problems for a long time before finally raising them. High-context communicators tend to expect to be noticed for their hard work, sacrifice, and achievement, without ever having to verbalize themselves. Intercultural facework competence refers to the optimal integration of knowledge, mindfulness, and communication skills in managing vulnerable identity-based conflict situations appropriately, effectively, and adaptively. #expatcoaching #expatlife #livingabroad #expatcoach #workingabroad #lifeabroad #workabroad #careerabroad #internationallife #internationalcareer #globalcareer #globallife #globalleaders #culturalawareness #selfawareness #selfgrowth #personalgrowth #personaldevelopment #culturalcompetence #movingabroad #zyciezagranica #zycienaemigracji #pracazagranica #rozwojosobisty #polacyzagranica, Lets laugh at language misunderstandings together! Furthermore, individuals from more indulgent cultures tend to be more optimistic, while their restrained counterparts tend to be more cynical. . DRIVE is your motivation and level of curiosity for multicultural interactions. However, many of these beliefs and observances have currently vanished from modern Polish society but are still prevalent in the conservative households in the country. The first scale is Communication, with a spectrum from low-context to high-context. Top 10 Alcohol Consuming Countries In The World, The Biggest Heists and Bank Robberies in American History. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on saving face, which we will discuss more in the next section, fulfilling ones obligations today, and enjoying ones leisure time. Lace-up boots and a coral bead necklace complete the look. In high-context communication, a message cannot be understood without a great deal of background information. According to Hofstede and his coauthors, Indulgence stands for a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. We want to conserve our resources and underspend to build that financial cushion for the future. For example, the median income for the average U.S. household is $51,100.24 When discussing household incomes, we use the median (middlemost number) because its the most accurate representation of income. Polish literature developed and evolved since the arrival of Christianity in Poland. People generally remove their shoes when entering someones home. Striving for everyone to have equal rights is an important theme. Learn more about how different cultures rely on high or low levels of context in their communication overall. High-context communication style may be detrimental to the design of global Web sites, making them less readable, less effective in their use of colors and graphics, and less interactive for. In such a culture, conformism, the. The Poles have always welcomed artists from abroad and adopted cultural trends of other countries to enrich their own lively cultural scene. Heres a 4-minute speech from Erin Meyer on this topic as an extra source: click. Well, typical. The ability to navigate successfully across cultures is not a luxury; it is a necessity. When it comes down to it, despite the issues we have in our country, the power disparity is not nearly as significant as it is in many other parts of our world. Collectivistic cultures tend to think about actions that might affect the entire group rather than specific members of the group. Then, there is a much bigger chance for success. Sooo worth it! #expatcoaching #expatlife #livingabroad #expatcoach #workingabroad #lifeabroad #workabroad #careerabroad #internationallife #internationalcareer #globalcareer #globallife #globalleaders #culturalawareness #selfawareness #selfgrowth #personalgrowth #personaldevelopment #culturalcompetence #movingabroad #zyciezagranica #zycienaemigracji #pracazagranica #rozwojosobisty #polacyzagranica, If youd like to explore your own cultural values and see how they are at play in your working life - DM me the word CULTURE and Ill share more information with you about the CQ Assessment and debrief session where we discuss your personalised assessment report and create a plan forward to develop your cultural competences further! During communist rule, educational and economic advancement of the Polish worker and peasants were fostered. Designed and Developed by LLT Group. Companies who decide to hire locally should be prepared to have translators present during interviews. Finally, individuals from indulgent cultures tend to be more extraverted and outgoing as a whole, whereas individuals from restrained cultures tend to be more neurotic. During an interpersonal interaction, individuals strive to create a positive version of their face for the other person. Jan Kochanowski was a renowned Polish poet of the time. Relationship Focused In public, women who need directions or have other questions are expected to ask policemen or other women; approaching men is seen as flirtation. Geography Communication in Polish society is ' low context ', meaning that they usually speak frankly and can be very direct when it comes to saying 'no'. The Polish culture has greatly evolved over the years having been influenced by the geographic location of the country at the confluence of European regions with their distinct cultures.